您可以使用pkgutil模块（特别是walk_packages方法）获取当前目录中的包列表。从那里，使用importlib机制导入所需的模块很简单：

import pkgutil
import importlib

packages = pkgutil.walk_packages(path='.')
for importer, name, is_package in packages:
    mod = importlib.import_module(name)
    # do whatever you want with module now, it's been imported!

要从给定文件名导入模块，可以临时扩展路径，并在finally块引用中恢复系统路径：

filename = "directory/module.py"

directory, module_name = os.path.split(filename)
module_name = os.path.splitext(module_name)[0]

path = list(sys.path)
sys.path.insert(0, directory)
try:
    module = __import__(module_name)
finally:
    sys.path[:] = path # restore

我认为，最好的方法是从官方文件（29.1。imp-访问导入内部构件）：

import imp
import sys

def __import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=None):
    # Fast path: see if the module has already been imported.
    try:
        return sys.modules[name]
    except KeyError:
        pass

    # If any of the following calls raises an exception,
    # there's a problem we can't handle -- let the caller handle it.

    fp, pathname, description = imp.find_module(name)

    try:
        return imp.load_module(name, fp, pathname, description)
    finally:
        # Since we may exit via an exception, close fp explicitly.
        if fp:
            fp.close()

一个使用importlib而不是imp包的简单解决方案（针对Python 2.7进行了测试，尽管它也适用于Python 3）：

import importlib

dirname, basename = os.path.split(pyfilepath) # pyfilepath: '/my/path/mymodule.py'
sys.path.append(dirname) # only directories should be added to PYTHONPATH
module_name = os.path.splitext(basename)[0] # '/my/path/mymodule.py' --> 'mymodule'
module = importlib.import_module(module_name) # name space of defined module (otherwise we would literally look for "module_name")

现在您可以直接使用导入模块的名称空间，如下所示：

a = module.myvar
b = module.myfunc(a)

这种解决方案的优点是，为了在代码中使用它，我们甚至不需要知道要导入的模块的实际名称。这很有用，例如，如果模块的路径是可配置参数。

您可以使用pydoc中的importfile

from pydoc import importfile
module = importfile('/full/path/to/module/module.py')
name = module.myclass() # myclass is a class inside your python file

我发现这是一个简单的答案：

module = dict()

code = """
import json

def testhi() :
    return json.dumps({"key" : "value"}, indent = 4 )
"""

exec(code, module)
x = module['testhi']()
print(x)