可以在finally子句中以通用的方式使用此构造来处理异常，而在没有异常时执行其他操作:

class TooManyRetries(RuntimeError):
    pass


n_tries = 0
max_retries = 2
while True:
    try:
        n_tries += 1
        if n_tries >= max_retries:
            raise TooManyRetries
        fail_prone_operation()
    except Exception1 as ex:
        # handle1
    except Exception2 as ex:
        # handle2
    except Exception3 as ex:
        # handle3
    except TooManyRetries as ex:
        raise
    else: # No exception
        n_tries = 0
    finally:
        common_restore_state()
        continue

    

错误和异常#处理异常- docs.python.org

The try ... except statement has an optional else clause, which, when present, must follow all except clauses. It is useful for code that must be executed if the try clause does not raise an exception. For example: for arg in sys.argv[1:]: try: f = open(arg, 'r') except IOError: print 'cannot open', arg else: print arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines' f.close() The use of the else clause is better than adding additional code to the try clause because it avoids accidentally catching an exception that wasn’t raised by the code being protected by the try ... except statement.

我发现它非常有用，当你有清理工作要做，即使有例外:

try:
    data = something_that_can_go_wrong()
except Exception as e: # yes, I know that's a bad way to do it...
    handle_exception(e)
else:
    do_stuff(data)
finally:
    clean_up()

else块通常可以用来补充出现在每个except块中的功能。

try:
    test_consistency(valuable_data)
except Except1:
    inconsistency_type = 1
except Except2:
    inconsistency_type = 2
except:
    # Something else is wrong
    raise
else:
    inconsistency_type = 0

"""
Process each individual inconsistency down here instead of
inside the except blocks. Use 0 to mean no inconsistency.
"""

在这种情况下，在每个except块中设置inconsistency_type，以便在无错误情况下在else中补充行为。

当然，我将此描述为某一天可能会出现在您自己的代码中的模式。在这个特定的情况下，您只要在try块之前将inconsistency_type设置为0即可。

假设您的编程逻辑取决于字典中是否有具有给定键的条目。你可以使用if…来测试dict.get(key)的结果。其他的……或者你可以这样做:

try:
    val = dic[key]
except KeyError:
    do_some_stuff()
else:
    do_some_stuff_with_val(val)

Try-except-else非常适合结合EAFP模式和duck-typing:

try:
  cs = x.cleanupSet
except AttributeError:
  pass
else:
  for v in cs:
    v.cleanup()

您可能认为naïve代码是好的:

try:
  for v in x.cleanupSet:
    v.clenaup()
except AttributeError:
  pass

这是在代码中意外隐藏严重错误的好方法。我在那里输入了清理，但是让我知道的AttributeError正在被吞噬。更糟糕的是，如果我写对了，但清理方法偶尔被传递一个具有错误命名属性的用户类型，导致它在中途无声地失败并留下一个未关闭的文件，会怎样?祝你在调试时好运。