激活MySQL general.log(磁盘密集型)并使用mysql_analyse_general_log.pl来提取长时间运行的事务，例如:

——min-duration=你的innodb_lock_wait_timeout值

然后禁用general.log。

暴露这一点的是“事务”这个词。从语句中可以明显看出，该查询试图更改一个或多个InnoDB表中的至少一行。

因为您知道这个查询，所以所有被访问的表都可能是罪魁祸首。

从那里，你应该可以运行SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\G

您应该能够看到受影响的表

你会得到各种额外的锁定和互斥信息。

下面是我的一个客户的例子:

mysql> show engine innodb status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
  Type: InnoDB
  Name:
Status:
=====================================
110514 19:44:14 INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
=====================================
Per second averages calculated from the last 4 seconds
----------
SEMAPHORES
----------
OS WAIT ARRAY INFO: reservation count 9014315, signal count 7805377
Mutex spin waits 0, rounds 11487096053, OS waits 7756855
RW-shared spins 722142, OS waits 211221; RW-excl spins 787046, OS waits 39353
------------------------
LATEST FOREIGN KEY ERROR
------------------------
110507 21:41:35 Transaction:
TRANSACTION 0 606162814, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 29956, OS thread id 1223895360 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
14 lock struct(s), heap size 3024, 8 row lock(s), undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 3686635, query id 124164167 10.64.89.145 viget updating
DELETE FROM file WHERE file_id in ('6dbafa39-7f00-0001-51f2-412a450be5cc' )
Foreign key constraint fails for table `backoffice`.`attachment`:
,
  CONSTRAINT `attachment_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`file_id`) REFERENCES `file` (`file_id`)
Trying to delete or update in parent table, in index `PRIMARY` tuple:
DATA TUPLE: 17 fields;
 0: len 36; hex 36646261666133392d376630302d303030312d353166322d343132613435306265356363; asc 6dbafa39-7f00-0001-51f2-412a450be5cc;; 1: len 6; hex 000024214f7e; asc   $!O~;; 2: len 7; hex 000000400217bc; asc    @   ;; 3: len 2; hex 03e9; asc   ;; 4: len 2; hex 03e8; asc   ;; 5: len 36; hex 65666635323863622d376630302d303030312d336632662d353239626433653361333032; asc eff528cb-7f00-0001-3f2f-529bd3e3a302;; 6: len 40; hex 36646234376337652d376630302d303030312d353166322d3431326132346664656366352e6d7033; asc 6db47c7e-7f00-0001-51f2-412a24fdecf5.mp3;; 7: len 21; hex 416e67656c73204e6f7720436f6e666572656e6365; asc Angels Now Conference;; 8: len 34; hex 416e67656c73204e6f7720436f6e666572656e6365204a756c7920392c2032303131; asc Angels Now Conference July 9, 2011;; 9: len 1; hex 80; asc  ;; 10: len 8; hex 8000124a5262bdf4; asc    JRb  ;; 11: len 8; hex 8000124a57669dc3; asc    JWf  ;; 12: SQL NULL; 13: len 5; hex 8000012200; asc    " ;; 14: len 1; hex 80; asc  ;; 15: len 2; hex 83e8; asc   ;; 16: len 4; hex 8000000a; asc     ;;

But in child table `backoffice`.`attachment`, in index `PRIMARY`, there is a record:
PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 6; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 30; hex 36646261666133392d376630302d303030312d353166322d343132613435; asc 6dbafa39-7f00-0001-51f2-412a45;...(truncated); 1: len 30; hex 38666164663561652d376630302d303030312d326436612d636164326361; asc 8fadf5ae-7f00-0001-2d6a-cad2ca;...(truncated); 2: len 6; hex 00002297b3ff; asc   "   ;; 3: len 7; hex 80000040070110; asc    @   ;; 4: len 2; hex 0000; asc   ;; 5: len 30; hex 416e67656c73204e6f7720436f6e666572656e636520446f63756d656e74; asc Angels Now Conference Document;;

------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 0 620783814
Purge done for trx's n:o < 0 620783800 undo n:o < 0 0
History list length 35
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1192212800
MySQL thread id 5341758, query id 189708501 127.0.0.1 lwdba
show innodb status
---TRANSACTION 0 620783788, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1196472640
MySQL thread id 5341773, query id 189708353 10.64.89.143 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1223895360
MySQL thread id 5341667, query id 189706152 10.64.89.145 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 0, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1227888960
MySQL thread id 5341556, query id 189699857 172.16.135.63 lwdba
---TRANSACTION 0 620781112, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1222297920
MySQL thread id 5341511, query id 189696265 10.64.89.143 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 620783736, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1229752640
MySQL thread id 5339005, query id 189707998 10.64.89.144 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 620783785, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1198602560
MySQL thread id 5337583, query id 189708349 10.64.89.145 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 620783469, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1224161600
MySQL thread id 5333500, query id 189708478 10.64.89.144 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 620781240, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1198336320
MySQL thread id 5324256, query id 189708493 10.64.89.145 viget
---TRANSACTION 0 617458223, not started, process no 29956, OS thread id 1195141440
MySQL thread id 736, query id 175038790 Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
--------
FILE I/O
--------
I/O thread 0 state: waiting for i/o request (insert buffer thread)
I/O thread 1 state: waiting for i/o request (log thread)
I/O thread 2 state: waiting for i/o request (read thread)
I/O thread 3 state: waiting for i/o request (write thread)
Pending normal aio reads: 0, aio writes: 0,
 ibuf aio reads: 0, log i/o's: 0, sync i/o's: 0
Pending flushes (fsync) log: 0; buffer pool: 0
519878 OS file reads, 18962880 OS file writes, 13349046 OS fsyncs
0.00 reads/s, 0 avg bytes/read, 6.25 writes/s, 4.50 fsyncs/s
-------------------------------------
INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX
-------------------------------------
Ibuf: size 1, free list len 1190, seg size 1192,
174800 inserts, 174800 merged recs, 54439 merges
Hash table size 35401603, node heap has 35160 buffer(s)
0.50 hash searches/s, 11.75 non-hash searches/s
---
LOG
---
Log sequence number 28 1235093534
Log flushed up to   28 1235093534
Last checkpoint at  28 1235091275
0 pending log writes, 0 pending chkp writes
12262564 log i/o's done, 3.25 log i/o's/second
----------------------
BUFFER POOL AND MEMORY
----------------------
Total memory allocated 18909316674; in additional pool allocated 1048576
Dictionary memory allocated 2019632
Buffer pool size   1048576
Free buffers       175763
Database pages     837653
Modified db pages  6
Pending reads 0
Pending writes: LRU 0, flush list 0, single page 0
Pages read 770138, created 108485, written 7795318
0.00 reads/s, 0.00 creates/s, 4.25 writes/s
Buffer pool hit rate 1000 / 1000
--------------
ROW OPERATIONS
--------------
0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
1 read views open inside InnoDB
Main thread process no. 29956, id 1185823040, state: sleeping
Number of rows inserted 6453767, updated 4602534, deleted 3638793, read 388349505551
0.25 inserts/s, 1.25 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 2.75 reads/s
----------------------------
END OF INNODB MONITOR OUTPUT
============================

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

你应该考虑通过设置innodb_lock_wait_timeout来增加InnoDB的锁等待超时时间，默认值是50秒

mysql> show variables like 'innodb_lock_wait_timeout';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name            | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| innodb_lock_wait_timeout | 50    |
+--------------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

你可以用这一行在/etc/my.cnf中永久地将它设置为更高的值

[mysqld]
innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120

重新启动mysql。如果你不能在这个时候重新启动mysql，运行这个:

SET GLOBAL innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120; 

您也可以将它设置为会话的持续时间

SET innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120; 

然后是你的问题

如果您正在使用JDBC，那么您可以选择 includeInnodbStatusInDeadlockExceptions = true

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/8.0/en/connector-j-reference-configuration-properties.html

争用越多，出现死锁的可能性就越大，DB引擎将通过对其中一个死锁事务进行超时处理来解决这个问题。

此外，已修改(例如UPDATE或DELETE)大量条目的长时间运行的事务更有可能与其他事务产生冲突。

虽然InnoDB MVCC，你仍然可以使用FOR UPDATE子句请求显式锁。然而，与其他流行的db (Oracle, MSSQL, PostgreSQL, DB2)不同，MySQL使用REPEATABLE_READ作为默认隔离级别。

现在，您获得的锁(通过修改行或使用显式锁定)将在当前运行的事务期间保持。如果你想了解REPEATABLE_READ和READ COMMITTED在锁方面的区别，请阅读这篇Percona文章。

在REPEATABLE READ中，事务期间获得的每个锁都被持有 在事务持续时间内。 在READ COMMITTED中，不匹配扫描的锁在STATEMENT完成后被释放。 .．. 这意味着在READ COMMITTED中，其他事务可以自由地更新它们在update语句完成后无法更新的行(在REPEATABLE READ中)。

因此:隔离级别(REPEATABLE_READ, SERIALIZABLE)越严格，死锁的可能性就越大。这不是“本质上”的问题，而是一种权衡。

使用READ_COMMITTED可以获得非常好的结果，因为在使用跨越多个HTTP请求的逻辑事务时，需要防止应用程序级的丢失更新。乐观锁定方法针对即使使用SERIALIZABLE隔离级别也可能发生的丢失更新，同时通过允许使用READ_COMMITTED来减少锁争用。

在我的例子中，我只能使用SELECT命令查询数据库，而不能使用UPDATE和DELETE命令。

这个问题是由于一根线卡住了。它没有响应，状态为“sleep”。所以，我必须杀了它。

1-查找线程ID:

select * FROM information_schemaprocesslist ORDER BY id

2-对我来说，它返回了两个线程。现在的那个和卡住的那个。我使用“kill THREAD_ID”来杀死它。

更多信息请看这里 https://oracle-base.com/articles/mysql/mysql-killing-threads

正如有人在关于这个问题的众多SO线程中的一个线程中提到的:有时已经锁定表的进程在进程列表中显示为休眠!我非常着急，直到我杀死了数据库中打开的所有睡眠线程(当时没有一个是活动的)。这最终解锁了表并让更新查询运行。

评论者说了类似于“有时MySQL线程锁定了一个表，然后在等待与MySQL无关的事情发生时进入睡眠状态。”

在重新检查了show engine innodb状态日志后(一旦我找到了负责锁的客户端)，我注意到被卡住的线程被列在事务列表的最底部，在由于锁冻结而即将出错的活动查询下面:

------------------
---TRANSACTION 2744943820, ACTIVE 1154 sec(!!)
2 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 2 row lock(s), undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 276558, OS thread handle 0x7f93762e7710, query id 59264109 [ip] [database] cleaning up
Trx read view will not see trx with id >= 2744943821, sees < 2744943821

(不确定“Trx读视图”消息是否与冻结锁相关，但与其他活动事务不同的是，这个事务不显示与发出的查询一起，而是声称事务正在“清理”，但有多个行锁)

这个故事的寓意是，即使线程处于睡眠状态，事务也可以是活动的。