还有一个用例是内存，缓存对象不是全局的:

var calculate = (function() {
  var cache = {};
  return function(a) {

    if (cache[a]) {
      return cache[a];
    } else {
      // Calculate heavy operation
      cache[a] = heavyOperation(a);
      return cache[a];
    }
  }
})();

这里已经有很多很好的答案了，但这里是我的2美分:p

你可以使用IIFE(立即调用函数表达式):

Avoiding pollution in the global namespace. Variables defined in IIFE (or even any normal function) don't overwrite definitions in global scope. Protecting code from being accessed by outer code. Everything that you define within the IIFE can be only be accessed within the IIFE. It protects code from being modified by outer code. Only what you explicitly return as the result of function or set as value to outer variables is accessible by outer code. Avoid naming functions that you don't need to use repeatedly. Though it's possible to use a named function in IIFE pattern you don't do it as there is no need to call it repeatedly, generally. For Universal Module Definitions which is used in many JS libraries. Check this question for details.

IIFE通常以以下方式使用:

(function(param){
   //code here
})(args);

您可以省略匿名函数周围的括号()，并在匿名函数之前使用void运算符。

void function(param){
   //code here
}(args);

自执行函数通常用于封装上下文和避免名称混淆。在(function(){..})()中定义的任何变量都不是全局变量。

的代码

var same_name = 1;

var myVar = (function() {
    var same_name = 2;
    console.log(same_name);
})();

console.log(same_name);

产生如下输出:

2
1

通过使用这种语法，可以避免与JavaScript代码中其他地方声明的全局变量发生冲突。

它声明了一个匿名函数，然后调用它:

(function (local_arg) {
   // anonymous function
   console.log(local_arg);
})(arg);

这是一个自调用匿名函数。

查看W3Schools对自调用函数的解释。

函数表达式可以“自调用”。 自动调用(启动)自调用表达式，无需 被称为。 函数表达式将自动执行 后面跟着()。 不能自调用函数声明。

还有一个用例是内存，缓存对象不是全局的:

var calculate = (function() {
  var cache = {};
  return function(a) {

    if (cache[a]) {
      return cache[a];
    } else {
      // Calculate heavy operation
      cache[a] = heavyOperation(a);
      return cache[a];
    }
  }
})();