这是我在编写Bash脚本时用于查找文件名和扩展名的算法，当名称与大小写冲突时，该脚本会使名称唯一。

#! /bin/bash 

#
# Finds 
# -- name and extension pairs
# -- null extension when there isn't an extension.
# -- Finds name of a hidden file without an extension
# 

declare -a fileNames=(
  '.Montreal' 
  '.Rome.txt' 
  'Loundon.txt' 
  'Paris' 
  'San Diego.txt'
  'San Francisco' 
  )

echo "Script ${0} finding name and extension pairs."
echo 

for theFileName in "${fileNames[@]}"
do
     echo "theFileName=${theFileName}"  

     # Get the proposed name by chopping off the extension
     name="${theFileName%.*}"

     # get extension.  Set to null when there isn't an extension
     # Thanks to mklement0 in a comment above.
     extension=$([[ "$theFileName" == *.* ]] && echo ".${theFileName##*.}" || echo '')

     # a hidden file without extenson?
     if [ "${theFileName}" = "${extension}" ] ; then
         # hidden file without extension.  Fixup.
         name=${theFileName}
         extension=""
     fi

     echo "  name=${name}"
     echo "  extension=${extension}"
done 

测试运行。

$ config/Name\&Extension.bash 
Script config/Name&Extension.bash finding name and extension pairs.

theFileName=.Montreal
  name=.Montreal
  extension=
theFileName=.Rome.txt
  name=.Rome
  extension=.txt
theFileName=Loundon.txt
  name=Loundon
  extension=.txt
theFileName=Paris
  name=Paris
  extension=
theFileName=San Diego.txt
  name=San Diego
  extension=.txt
theFileName=San Francisco
  name=San Francisco
  extension=
$ 

仅供参考：完整的音译程序和更多测试用例可以在这里找到：https://www.dropbox.com/s/4c6m0f2e28a1vxf/avoid-clashes-code.zip?dl=0

为了使dir更有用（在没有指定路径的本地文件作为输入的情况下），我执行了以下操作：

# Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}"
if [[ -z "$dir" ]]; then
    dir="./"
fi

这允许您执行一些有用的操作，如在输入文件basename中添加后缀，如下所示：

outfile=${dir}${base}_suffix.${ext}

testcase: foo.bar
dir: "./"
base: "foo"
ext: "bar"
outfile: "./foo_suffix.bar"

testcase: /home/me/foo.bar
dir: "/home/me/"
base: "foo"
ext: "bar"
outfile: "/home/me/foo_suffix.bar"

$ F = "text file.test.txt"  
$ echo ${F/*./}  
txt  

这可以满足文件名中的多个点和空格，但是如果没有扩展名，则返回文件名本身。但易于检查；只需测试文件名和扩展名是否相同。

自然，此方法不适用于.tar.gz文件。然而，这可以分两步处理。如果扩展名是gz，则再次检查是否也有tar扩展名。

如果文件没有扩展名或文件名，这似乎不起作用。这是我正在使用的；它只使用内置文件名，并处理更多（但不是所有）病态文件名。

#!/bin/bash
for fullpath in "$@"
do
    filename="${fullpath##*/}"                      # Strip longest match of */ from start
    dir="${fullpath:0:${#fullpath} - ${#filename}}" # Substring from 0 thru pos of filename
    base="${filename%.[^.]*}"                       # Strip shortest match of . plus at least one non-dot char from end
    ext="${filename:${#base} + 1}"                  # Substring from len of base thru end
    if [[ -z "$base" && -n "$ext" ]]; then          # If we have an extension and no base, it's really the base
        base=".$ext"
        ext=""
    fi

    echo -e "$fullpath:\n\tdir  = \"$dir\"\n\tbase = \"$base\"\n\text  = \"$ext\""
done

下面是一些测试用例：

$ basename-and-extension.sh / /home/me/ /home/me/file /home/me/file.tar /home/me/file.tar.gz /home/me/.hidden /home/me/.hidden.tar /home/me/.. .
/:
    dir  = "/"
    base = ""
    ext  = ""
/home/me/:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ""
    ext  = ""
/home/me/file:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = "file"
    ext  = ""
/home/me/file.tar:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = "file"
    ext  = "tar"
/home/me/file.tar.gz:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = "file.tar"
    ext  = "gz"
/home/me/.hidden:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ".hidden"
    ext  = ""
/home/me/.hidden.tar:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ".hidden"
    ext  = "tar"
/home/me/..:
    dir  = "/home/me/"
    base = ".."
    ext  = ""
.:
    dir  = ""
    base = "."
    ext  = ""

也许tar中有一个选项可以做到这一点；你检查过那个人了吗？否则，可以使用Bash字符串扩展：

test="mpc-1.0.1.tar.gz"
noExt="${test/.tar.gz/}" # Remove the string '.tar.gz'
echo $noExt

好的，如果我理解正确，这里的问题是如何获取具有多个扩展名的文件的名称和完整扩展名，例如stuff.tar.gz。

这对我有用：

fullfile="stuff.tar.gz"
fileExt=${fullfile#*.}
fileName=${fullfile%*.$fileExt}

这将为您提供文件名和扩展名.tar.gz。它适用于任何数量的扩展，包括0。希望这对有同样问题的人有所帮助=）