我正在做一些SQL选择查询,并希望将我的UTC日期时间列转换为本地时间,以便在我的查询结果中显示为本地时间。注意,我不希望通过代码进行这种转换,而是当我对我的数据库进行手动和随机SQL查询时。


当前回答

第一个功能:配置为意大利时区(+1,+2),切换日期:3月和10月的最后一个星期天,返回当前时区与datetime的差值作为参数。

Returns:
current timezone < parameter timezone ==> +1
current timezone > parameter timezone ==> -1
else 0

代码是:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[UF_ADJUST_OFFSET]
(
    @dt_utc datetime2(7)
)
RETURNS INT
AS
BEGIN


declare @month int,
        @year int,
        @current_offset int,
        @offset_since int,
        @offset int,
        @yearmonth varchar(8),
        @changeoffsetdate datetime2(7)

declare @lastweek table(giorno datetime2(7))

select @current_offset = DATEDIFF(hh, GETUTCDATE(), GETDATE())

select @month = datepart(month, @dt_utc)

if @month < 3 or @month > 10 Begin Set @offset_since = 1 Goto JMP End

if @month > 3 and @month < 10 Begin Set @offset_since = 2 Goto JMP End

--If i'm here is march or october
select @year = datepart(yyyy, @dt_utc)

if @month = 3
Begin

Set @yearmonth = cast(@year as varchar) + '-03-'

Insert Into @lastweek Values(@yearmonth + '31 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '30 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '29 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '28 03:00:00.000000'),
                         (@yearmonth + '27 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '26 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '25 03:00:00.000000')

--Last week of march
Select @changeoffsetdate = giorno From @lastweek Where  datepart(weekday, giorno) = 1

    if @dt_utc < @changeoffsetdate 
    Begin 
        Set @offset_since = 1 
    End Else Begin
        Set @offset_since = 2
    End
End

if @month = 10
Begin

Set @yearmonth = cast(@year as varchar) + '-10-'

Insert Into @lastweek Values(@yearmonth + '31 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '30 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '29 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '28 03:00:00.000000'),
                         (@yearmonth + '27 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '26 03:00:00.000000'),(@yearmonth + '25 03:00:00.000000')

--Last week of october
Select @changeoffsetdate = giorno From @lastweek Where  datepart(weekday, giorno) = 1

    if @dt_utc > @changeoffsetdate 
    Begin 
        Set @offset_since = 1 
    End Else Begin
        Set @offset_since = 2
    End
End

JMP:

if @current_offset < @offset_since Begin
    Set @offset = 1
End Else if @current_offset > @offset_since Set @offset = -1 Else Set @offset = 0

Return @offset

END

然后是转换日期的函数

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[UF_CONVERT]
(
    @dt_utc datetime2(7)
)
RETURNS datetime
AS
BEGIN

    declare @offset int


    Select @offset = dbo.UF_ADJUST_OFFSET(@dt_utc)

    if @dt_utc >= '9999-12-31 22:59:59.9999999'
        set @dt_utc = '9999-12-31 23:59:59.9999999'
    Else
        set @dt_utc = (SELECT DATEADD(mi, DATEDIFF(mi, GETUTCDATE(), GETDATE()), @dt_utc) )

    if @offset <> 0
        Set @dt_utc = dateadd(hh, @offset, @dt_utc)

    RETURN @dt_utc

END

其他回答

我发现当有大量数据时,一次性函数的方法太慢了。因此,我通过连接到一个允许计算小时差的表函数来实现它,它基本上是带有小时偏移量的datetime分段。一年是4行。这个表格函数

dbo.fn_getTimeZoneOffsets('3/1/2007 7:00am', '11/5/2007 9:00am', 'EPT')

将返回这个表:

startTime          endTime   offset  isHr2
3/1/07 7:00     3/11/07 6:59    -5    0
3/11/07 7:00    11/4/07 6:59    -4    0
11/4/07 7:00    11/4/07 7:59    -5    1
11/4/07 8:00    11/5/07 9:00    -5    0

它确实考虑了夏时制。下面是它如何使用的示例,完整的博客文章在这里。

select mt.startTime as startUTC, 
    dateadd(hh, tzStart.offset, mt.startTime) as startLocal, 
    tzStart.isHr2
from MyTable mt 
inner join dbo.fn_getTimeZoneOffsets(@startViewUTC, @endViewUTC, @timeZone)  tzStart
on mt.startTime between tzStart.startTime and tzStart.endTime

最简单的答案并不总是在底部,但这一次是,并且可以在上面的评论中看到。 使用您自己的“AT TIME ZONE”来捕获列/数据字段的TzOffset,而不是当前的SYSDATETIME。 在下面的数据中,2个查询,一个关于feb数据(DST是关闭的,在阿姆斯特丹的冬天)+1差异 第二次查询阿姆斯特丹4月份的数据,所以+2小时的差异。

    select top 2 month(receiveTimeUTC) as MonthInWinterOrSpring
   ,  receiveTimeUTC
   ,  CONVERT(datetime,  SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset,  receiveTimeUTC),  DATENAME(TzOffset, SYSDATETIMEOFFSET()))) as LocalTimeWrongNoDST
   ,  CONVERT(datetime,  SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset,  receiveTimeUTC),  DATENAME(TzOffset, receiveTimeUTC  AT TIME ZONE 'Central European Standard Time' ))) as LocalTimeWithDST
       from sensordetails order by id

    select top 2 month(receiveTimeUTC) as MonthInWinterOrSpring, receiveTimeUTC
,  CONVERT(datetime,  SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset,  receiveTimeUTC),  DATENAME(TzOffset, SYSDATETIMEOFFSET()))) as LocalTimeWrongNoDST
,  CONVERT(datetime,  SWITCHOFFSET(CONVERT(datetimeoffset,  receiveTimeUTC),  DATENAME(TzOffset, receiveTimeUTC  AT TIME ZONE 'Central European Standard Time' ))) as LocalTimeWithDST
       from sensordetails order by id desc

结果:

所以这是一个T-SQL (SQL Server Answer),不需要函数的storedproc。

对于任何仍然试图解决这个问题的人,这里有一个在SQL Server 2017中工作的概念证明

 declare
    @StartDate date = '2020-01-01'

;with cte_utc as
(
    select 
         1 as i
        ,CONVERT(datetime, @StartDate) AS UTC
        ,datepart(weekday, CONVERT(datetime, @StartDate)) as Weekday
        ,datepart(month, CONVERT(datetime, @StartDate)) as [Month]
        ,datepart(YEAR, CONVERT(datetime, @StartDate)) as [Year]
        
    union all

    Select
         i + 1
        ,dateadd(d, 1, utc)
        ,datepart(weekday, CONVERT(datetime, dateadd(d, 1, utc))) as Weekday
        ,datepart(month, CONVERT(datetime, dateadd(d, 1, utc))) as [Month]
        ,datepart(YEAR, CONVERT(datetime, dateadd(d, 1, utc))) as [Year]
    from    
        cte_utc
    where
        (i + 1) < 32767

), cte_utc_dates as 
(
    select 
        *,
        DENSE_RANK()OVER(PARTITION BY [Year], [Month], [Weekday] ORDER BY Utc) WeekDayIndex
    from
        cte_utc

), cte_hours as (
    select 0 as [Hour]
    union all
    select [Hour] + 1 from cte_hours where [Hour] < 23
)

select
    d.*
    , DATEADD(hour, h.Hour, d.UTC) AS UtcTime
    ,CONVERT(datetime, DATEADD(hour, h.Hour, d.UTC) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC' AT TIME ZONE 'Central Standard Time') CST
    ,CONVERT(datetime, DATEADD(hour, h.Hour, d.UTC) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC' AT TIME ZONE 'Eastern Standard Time') EST
from
    cte_utc_dates d, cte_hours h
where
    ([Month] = 3 and [Weekday] = 1 and WeekDayIndex = 2 )-- dst start
    or 
    ([Month] = 11 and [Weekday] = 1 and WeekDayIndex = 1 )-- dst end
order by
    utc
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 32767)

GO

您必须重新格式化字符串以及转换为正确的时间。在这种情况下,我需要祖鲁时间。

Declare @Date datetime;
Declare @DateString varchar(50);
set @Date = GETDATE(); 
declare @ZuluTime datetime;

Declare @DateFrom varchar (50);
Declare @DateTo varchar (50);
set @ZuluTime = DATEADD(second, DATEDIFF(second, GETDATE(), GETUTCDATE()), @Date);
set @DateString =  FORMAT(@ZuluTime, 'yyyy-MM-ddThh:mm:ssZ', 'en-US' )  
select @DateString;

下面的版本考虑了夏令时、UTC抵消,并且没有锁定到特定的年份。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--Name:     udfToLocalTime.sql
--Purpose:  To convert UTC to local US time accounting for DST
--Author:   Patrick Slesicki
--Date:     3/25/2014
--Notes:    Works on SQL Server 2008R2 and later, maybe SQL Server 2008 as well.
--          Good only for US States observing the Energy Policy Act of 2005.
--          Function doesn't apply for years prior to 2007.
--          Function assumes that the 1st day of the week is Sunday.
--Tests:        
--          SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-03-09 9:00', DEFAULT)
--          SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-03-09 10:00', DEFAULT)
--          SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-11-02 8:00', DEFAULT)
--          SELECT dbo.udfToLocalTime('2014-11-02 9:00', DEFAULT)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALTER FUNCTION udfToLocalTime
    (
    @UtcDateTime    AS DATETIME
    ,@UtcOffset     AS INT = -8 --PST
    )
RETURNS DATETIME
AS 
BEGIN
    DECLARE 
        @PstDateTime    AS DATETIME
        ,@Year          AS CHAR(4)
        ,@DstStart      AS DATETIME
        ,@DstEnd        AS DATETIME
        ,@Mar1          AS DATETIME
        ,@Nov1          AS DATETIME
        ,@MarTime       AS TIME
        ,@NovTime       AS TIME
        ,@Mar1Day       AS INT
        ,@Nov1Day       AS INT
        ,@MarDiff       AS INT
        ,@NovDiff       AS INT

    SELECT
        @Year       = YEAR(@UtcDateTime)
        ,@MarTime   = CONVERT(TIME, DATEADD(HOUR, -@UtcOffset, '1900-01-01 02:00'))
        ,@NovTime   = CONVERT(TIME, DATEADD(HOUR, -@UtcOffset - 1, '1900-01-01 02:00'))
        ,@Mar1      = CONVERT(CHAR(16), @Year + '-03-01 ' + CONVERT(CHAR(5), @MarTime), 126)
        ,@Nov1      = CONVERT(CHAR(16), @Year + '-11-01 ' + CONVERT(CHAR(5), @NovTime), 126)
        ,@Mar1Day   = DATEPART(WEEKDAY, @Mar1)
        ,@Nov1Day   = DATEPART(WEEKDAY, @Nov1)

    --Get number of days between Mar 1 and DST start date
    IF @Mar1Day = 1 SET @MarDiff = 7
    ELSE SET @MarDiff = 15 - @Mar1Day

    --Get number of days between Nov 1 and DST end date
    IF @Nov1Day = 1 SET @NovDiff = 0
    ELSE SET @NovDiff = 8 - @Nov1Day

    --Get DST start and end dates
    SELECT 
        @DstStart   = DATEADD(DAY, @MarDiff, @Mar1)
        ,@DstEnd    = DATEADD(DAY, @NovDiff, @Nov1)

    --Change UTC offset if @UtcDateTime is in DST Range
    IF @UtcDateTime >= @DstStart AND @UtcDateTime < @DstEnd SET @UtcOffset = @UtcOffset + 1

    --Get Conversion
    SET @PstDateTime = DATEADD(HOUR, @UtcOffset, @UtcDateTime)
    RETURN @PstDateTime
END
GO