因此，我一直在做一些研究，我一直试图拼凑一个函数，在PHP中生成一个有效的v4 UUID。这是我能做的最接近的事了。我对十六进制、十进制、二进制、PHP的位运算符之类的知识几乎一无所知。这个函数生成一个有效的v4 UUID，直到一个区域。v4 UUID的形式应该是:
xxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xx
y等于8,9,a或b，这就是函数失败的地方，因为它不符合这一点。
我希望在这方面比我更有知识的人能帮我一把，帮我修复这个函数，这样它就遵守了这个规则。
函数如下:
<?php
function gen_uuid() {
$uuid = array(
'time_low' => 0,
'time_mid' => 0,
'time_hi' => 0,
'clock_seq_hi' => 0,
'clock_seq_low' => 0,
'node' => array()
);
$uuid['time_low'] = mt_rand(0, 0xffff) + (mt_rand(0, 0xffff) << 16);
$uuid['time_mid'] = mt_rand(0, 0xffff);
$uuid['time_hi'] = (4 << 12) | (mt_rand(0, 0x1000));
$uuid['clock_seq_hi'] = (1 << 7) | (mt_rand(0, 128));
$uuid['clock_seq_low'] = mt_rand(0, 255);
for ($i = 0; $i < 6; $i++) {
$uuid['node'][$i] = mt_rand(0, 255);
}
$uuid = sprintf('%08x-%04x-%04x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x',
$uuid['time_low'],
$uuid['time_mid'],
$uuid['time_hi'],
$uuid['clock_seq_hi'],
$uuid['clock_seq_low'],
$uuid['node'][0],
$uuid['node'][1],
$uuid['node'][2],
$uuid['node'][3],
$uuid['node'][4],
$uuid['node'][5]
);
return $uuid;
}
?>
从PHP手册上的注释来看，你可以这样使用:
function gen_uuid() {
return sprintf( '%04x%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%04x%04x%04x',
// 32 bits for "time_low"
mt_rand( 0, 0xffff ), mt_rand( 0, 0xffff ),
// 16 bits for "time_mid"
mt_rand( 0, 0xffff ),
// 16 bits for "time_hi_and_version",
// four most significant bits holds version number 4
mt_rand( 0, 0x0fff ) | 0x4000,
// 16 bits, 8 bits for "clk_seq_hi_res",
// 8 bits for "clk_seq_low",
// two most significant bits holds zero and one for variant DCE1.1
mt_rand( 0, 0x3fff ) | 0x8000,
// 48 bits for "node"
mt_rand( 0, 0xffff ), mt_rand( 0, 0xffff ), mt_rand( 0, 0xffff )
);
}
我的答案是基于评论uniqid用户评论，但它使用openssl_random_pseudo_bytes函数来生成随机字符串，而不是从/dev/urandom读取
function guid()
{
$randomString = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16);
$time_low = bin2hex(substr($randomString, 0, 4));
$time_mid = bin2hex(substr($randomString, 4, 2));
$time_hi_and_version = bin2hex(substr($randomString, 6, 2));
$clock_seq_hi_and_reserved = bin2hex(substr($randomString, 8, 2));
$node = bin2hex(substr($randomString, 10, 6));
/**
* Set the four most significant bits (bits 12 through 15) of the
* time_hi_and_version field to the 4-bit version number from
* Section 4.1.3.
* @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122#section-4.1.3
*/
$time_hi_and_version = hexdec($time_hi_and_version);
$time_hi_and_version = $time_hi_and_version >> 4;
$time_hi_and_version = $time_hi_and_version | 0x4000;
/**
* Set the two most significant bits (bits 6 and 7) of the
* clock_seq_hi_and_reserved to zero and one, respectively.
*/
$clock_seq_hi_and_reserved = hexdec($clock_seq_hi_and_reserved);
$clock_seq_hi_and_reserved = $clock_seq_hi_and_reserved >> 2;
$clock_seq_hi_and_reserved = $clock_seq_hi_and_reserved | 0x8000;
return sprintf('%08s-%04s-%04x-%04x-%012s', $time_low, $time_mid, $time_hi_and_version, $clock_seq_hi_and_reserved, $node);
} // guid
与其将其分解为单个字段，不如生成一个随机数据块并更改单个字节位置。您还应该使用比mt_rand()更好的随机数生成器。
根据RFC 4122 -章节4.4，你需要改变这些字段:
Time_hi_and_version(第7字节的4-7位)，
Clock_seq_hi_and_reserved(第9字节的第6位和第7位)
所有其他122位都应该足够随机。
下面的方法使用openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()生成128位随机数据，对八字节进行排列，然后使用bin2hex()和vsprintf()进行最终格式化。
function guidv4($data)
{
assert(strlen($data) == 16);
$data[6] = chr(ord($data[6]) & 0x0f | 0x40); // set version to 0100
$data[8] = chr(ord($data[8]) & 0x3f | 0x80); // set bits 6-7 to 10
return vsprintf('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', str_split(bin2hex($data), 4));
}
echo guidv4(openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16));
在PHP 7中，使用random_bytes()生成随机字节序列更加简单:
function guidv4($data = null)
{
$data = $data ?? random_bytes(16);
// ...
}
在我搜索创建v4 uuid时，我首先来到了这个页面，然后在http://php.net/manual/en/function.com-create-guid.php上找到了这个页面
function guidv4()
{
if (function_exists('com_create_guid') === true)
return trim(com_create_guid(), '{}');
$data = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16);
$data[6] = chr(ord($data[6]) & 0x0f | 0x40); // set version to 0100
$data[8] = chr(ord($data[8]) & 0x3f | 0x80); // set bits 6-7 to 10
return vsprintf('%s%s-%s-%s-%s-%s%s%s', str_split(bin2hex($data), 4));
}
信贷:pavel.volyntsev
编辑:澄清一下，这个函数总是给你一个v4 uuid (PHP >= 5.3.0)。
当com_create_guid函数可用时(通常仅在Windows上)，它将使用该函数并去掉花括号。
如果不存在(Linux)，它将使用强随机的openssl_random_pseudo_bytes函数，然后使用vsprintf将其格式化为v4 uuid。