这里您可以得到文件的名称

String[] projection = {MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME};
                    Uri uri = data.getData();
                    String fileName = null;
                    ContentResolver cr = getActivity().getApplicationContext().getContentResolver();

                    Cursor metaCursor = cr.query(uri,
                            projection, null, null, null);
                    if (metaCursor != null) {
                        try {
                            if (metaCursor.moveToFirst()) {
                                fileName = metaCursor.getString(0);
                            }
                        } finally {
                            metaCursor.close();
                        }
                    }

既然上面的答案对我不起作用，下面是对我有效的解决方案:

对于>19和<=19 API级别。

这个方法涵盖了从uri中获取filePath的所有情况

/**
 * Get a file path from a Uri. This will get the the path for Storage Access
 * Framework Documents, as well as the _data field for the MediaStore and
 * other file-based ContentProviders.
 *
 * @param context The activity.
 * @param uri The Uri to query.
 * @author paulburke
 */
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {

    // DocumentProvider
    if ( Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
        // ExternalStorageProvider
        if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
            final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            final String[] split = docId.split(":");
            final String type = split[0];

            if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(context, "Could not get file path. Please try again", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
        // DownloadsProvider
        else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {

            final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                    Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));

            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
        }
        // MediaProvider
        else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
            final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
            final String[] split = docId.split(":");
            final String type = split[0];

            Uri contentUri = null;
            if ("image".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
            } else {
                contentUri = MediaStore.Files.getContentUri("external");
            }

            final String selection = "_id=?";
            final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {
                    split[1]
            };

            return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
        }
    }
    // MediaStore (and general)
    else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
        return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
    }
    // File
    else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
        return uri.getPath();
    }

    return null;
}

由于managedQuery已弃用，您可以尝试:

CursorLoader cursorLoader = new CursorLoader(context, uri, proj, null, null, null);
Cursor cursor = cursorLoader.loadInBackground();

从图库中获取图像后，只需要在下面的方法中传递URI，仅适用于Android 4.4 (KitKat):

public String getPath(Uri contentUri) {// Will return "image:x*"

    String wholeID = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(contentUri);

    // Split at colon, use second item in the array
    String id = wholeID.split(":")[1];

    String[] column = { MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA };

    // Where id is equal to
    String sel = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";

    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(
            MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, column, sel,
            new String[] { id }, null);

    String filePath = "";

    int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(column[0]);

    if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
        filePath = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
    }

    cursor.close();
    return filePath;
}

API 19及以上，图像文件路径从Uri工作完美。我还检查了最新的PIE API 28。

public String getImageFilePath(Uri uri) {
    String path = null, image_id = null;

    Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
    if (cursor != null) {
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        image_id = cursor.getString(0);
        image_id = image_id.substring(image_id.lastIndexOf(":") + 1);
        cursor.close();
    }

    cursor = getContentResolver().query(android.provider.MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, null, MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + " = ? ", new String[]{image_id}, null);
    if (cursor!=null) {
        cursor.moveToFirst();
        path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
        cursor.close();
    }
    return path;
}

这些答案在所有情况下都不适用。我必须直接去谷歌的文档https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/providers/document-provider.html关于这个主题，并发现这个有用的方法:

private Bitmap getBitmapFromUri(Uri uri) throws IOException {
    ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFileDescriptor =
    getContentResolver().openFileDescriptor(uri, "r");
    FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = parcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor();
    Bitmap image = BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor);
    parcelFileDescriptor.close();
    return image;
}

您可以使用此位图在图像视图中显示它。