使用这个函数:

public string GetSubstringByString(string a, string b, string c)
{
    return c.Substring((c.IndexOf(a) + a.Length), (c.IndexOf(b) - c.IndexOf(a) - a.Length));
}

用法如下:

GetSubstringByString("(", ")", "User name (sales)")

输出将是:

sales

string input = "User name (sales)";

string output = input.Substring(input.IndexOf('(') + 1, input.IndexOf(')') - input.IndexOf('(') - 1);

input.Remove(input.IndexOf(')')).Substring(input.IndexOf('(') + 1);

一个非常简单的方法是使用正则表达式:

Regex.Match("User name (sales)", @"\(([^)]*)\)").Groups[1].Value

作为对(非常有趣的)评论的回应，这里是同一个正则表达式的一些解释:

\(             # Escaped parenthesis, means "starts with a '(' character"
    (          # Parentheses in a regex mean "put (capture) the stuff 
               #     in between into the Groups array" 
       [^)]    # Any character that is not a ')' character
       *       # Zero or more occurrences of the aforementioned "non ')' char"
    )          # Close the capturing group
\)             # "Ends with a ')' character"

使用这个函数:

public string GetSubstringByString(string a, string b, string c)
{
    return c.Substring((c.IndexOf(a) + a.Length), (c.IndexOf(b) - c.IndexOf(a) - a.Length));
}

用法如下:

GetSubstringByString("(", ")", "User name (sales)")

输出将是:

sales

假设你只有一对括号。

string s = "User name (sales)";
int start = s.IndexOf("(") + 1;
int end = s.IndexOf(")", start);
string result = s.Substring(start, end - start);