我倾向于不使用编译器指令，因为它们很快就会把事情弄得乱七八糟。如果你真的需要它们，一种缓解它的方法是把它们放在一个partial类中，并让你的构建在制作产品版本时忽略那个.cs文件。

I don't agree with the "you should only be interested in testing the external interface" philosophy. It's a bit like saying that a car repair shop should only have tests to see if the wheels turn. Yes, ultimately I'm interested in the external behavior but I like my own, private, internal tests to be a bit more specific and to the point. Yes, if I refactor, I may have to change some of the tests, but unless it's a massive refactor, I'll only have to change a few and the fact that the other (unchanged) internal tests still work is a great indicator that the refactoring has been successful.

You can try to cover all internal cases using only the public interface and theoretically it's possible to test every internal method (or at least every one that matters) entirely by using the public interface but you may have to end up standing on your head to achieve this and the connection between the test cases being run through the public interface and the internal portion of the solution they're designed to test may be difficult or impossible to discern. Having pointed, individual tests that guarantee that the internal machinery is working properly is well worth the minor test changes that come about with refactoring - at least that's been my experience. If you have to make huge changes to your tests for every refactoring, then maybe this doesn't make sense, but in that case, maybe you ought to rethink your design entirely. A good design should be flexible enough to allow for most changes without massive redesigns.

我还使用了InternalsVisibleToAttribute方法。值得一提的是，如果你为了达到这个目的而将你之前的私有方法变成内部方法，那么也许它们不应该成为直接单元测试的对象。

毕竟，您是在测试类的行为，而不是它的具体实现——您可以在不更改前者的情况下更改后者，并且您的测试仍然应该通过。

我很惊讶还没有人说过这一点，但我采用的一个解决方案是在类内部创建一个静态方法来测试自身。这使您可以访问用于测试的所有公共和私有内容。

此外，在脚本语言(具有OO功能，如Python、Ruby和PHP)中，您可以在运行时对文件本身进行测试。确保您的更改不会破坏任何东西的快速方法。这显然为测试所有类提供了可伸缩的解决方案:只需运行所有类即可。(你也可以用void main在其他语言中这样做，它也总是运行它的测试)。

还请注意，internalsvisibletoattribute有一个要求，您的程序集必须是强命名的，如果您在一个以前没有这个要求的解决方案中工作，这就会产生它自己的一组问题。我使用访问器来测试私有方法。请看这个问题的例子。

这里有一个例子，首先是方法签名:

private string[] SplitInternal()
{
    return Regex.Matches(Format, @"([^/\[\]]|\[[^]]*\])+")
                        .Cast<Match>()
                        .Select(m => m.Value)
                        .Where(s => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(s))
                        .ToArray();
}

下面是测试:

/// <summary>
///A test for SplitInternal
///</summary>
[TestMethod()]
[DeploymentItem("Git XmlLib vs2008.dll")]
public void SplitInternalTest()
{
    string path = "pair[path/to/@Key={0}]/Items/Item[Name={1}]/Date";
    object[] values = new object[] { 2, "Martin" };
    XPathString xp = new XPathString(path, values);

    PrivateObject param0 = new PrivateObject(xp);
    XPathString_Accessor target = new XPathString_Accessor(param0);
    string[] expected = new string[] {
        "pair[path/to/@Key={0}]",
        "Items",
        "Item[Name={1}]",
        "Date"
    };
    string[] actual;
    actual = target.SplitInternal();
    CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}