在我们的项目中，我们使用了很多DLL(> 100)。这些DLL相互依赖，因此我们选择了动态链接的设置。然而，它有以下缺点:

启动慢(> 10秒) DLL必须进行版本控制，因为windows根据名称的唯一性加载模块。否则，自己编写的组件将得到错误版本的DLL(即已经加载的DLL而不是自己的分布式集) 优化器只能在DLL边界内进行优化。例如，优化器试图将经常使用的数据和代码放在彼此旁边，但这将不能跨越DLL边界

也许更好的设置是将所有内容都设置为静态库(因此您只有一个可执行文件)。只有在没有发生代码复制的情况下，这才有效。一个测试似乎支持这个假设，但我找不到MSDN的官方引用。例如，创建1个exe:

Exe使用shared_lib1, shared_lib2 Shared_lib1使用shared_lib2 shared_lib2

shared_lib2的代码和变量应该只在最终合并的可执行文件中出现一次。有人能支持这个问题吗?

Static libraries are archives that contain the object code for the library, when linked into an application that code is compiled into the executable. Shared libraries are different in that they aren't compiled into the executable. Instead the dynamic linker searches some directories looking for the library(s) it needs, then loads that into memory. More then one executable can use the same shared library at the same time, thus reducing memory usage and executable size. However, there are then more files to distribute with the executable. You need to make sure that the library is installed onto the uses system somewhere where the linker can find it, static linking eliminates this problem but results in a larger executable file.

如果您的库将在几个可执行文件之间共享，那么将其动态化以减少可执行文件的大小通常是有意义的。否则，一定要让它是静态的。

使用dll有几个缺点。装载和卸载它有额外的开销。还有一个额外的依赖关系。如果您更改dll使其与执行表不兼容，则它们将停止工作。另一方面，如果您更改了静态库，则使用旧版本编译的可执行文件将不会受到影响。

Ulrich Drepper关于“如何编写共享库”的论文也是一个很好的资源，详细介绍了如何最好地利用共享库，或者他所说的“动态共享对象”(DSOs)。本文主要讨论ELF二进制格式的共享库，但有些讨论也适用于Windows dll。

其他人已经充分解释了静态库是什么，但我想指出一些使用静态库的注意事项，至少在Windows上:

Singletons: If something needs to be global/static and unique, be very careful about putting it in a static library. If multiple DLLs are linked against that static library they will each get their own copy of the singleton. However, if your application is a single EXE with no custom DLLs, this may not be a problem. Unreferenced code removal: When you link against a static library, only the parts of the static library that are referenced by your DLL/EXE will get linked into your DLL/EXE. For example, if mylib.lib contains a.obj and b.obj and your DLL/EXE only references functions or variables from a.obj, the entirety of b.obj will get discarded by the linker. If b.obj contains global/static objects, their constructors and destructors will not get executed. If those constructors/destructors have side effects, you may be disappointed by their absence. Likewise, if the static library contains special entrypoints you may need to take care that they are actually included. An example of this in embedded programming (okay, not Windows) would be an interrupt handler that is marked as being at a specific address. You also need to mark the interrupt handler as an entrypoint to make sure it doesn't get discarded. Another consequence of this is that a static library may contain object files that are completely unusable due to unresolved references, but it won't cause a linker error until you reference a function or variable from those object files. This may happen long after the library is written. Debug symbols: You may want a separate PDB for each static library, or you may want the debug symbols to be placed in the object files so that they get rolled into the PDB for the DLL/EXE. The Visual C++ documentation explains the necessary options. RTTI: You may end up with multiple type_info objects for the same class if you link a single static library into multiple DLLs. If your program assumes that type_info is "singleton" data and uses &typeid() or type_info::before(), you may get undesirable and surprising results.

静态库被编译到客户机中。在编译时使用.lib，库的内容成为消费可执行文件的一部分。

动态库在运行时加载，而不是编译到客户端可执行文件中。动态库更加灵活，因为多个客户端可执行文件可以加载一个DLL并利用它的功能。这也将客户端代码的总体大小和可维护性保持在最小。