在macOS上运行:

cd /tmp && echo 'public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home"));}}' > Main.java && javac Main.java && java Main

在我的机器上，这样打印出来:

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-9.0.4.jdk/Contents/Home

注意，运行哪个java不会显示JDK的位置，因为java命令是JavaVM.framework的一部分，它包装了真正的JDK:

$ which java
/usr/bin/java
/private/tmp
$ ls -l /usr/bin/java
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  74 14 Nov 17:37 /usr/bin/java -> /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/Current/Commands/java

这是特定于操作系统的。在Unix:

which java

将显示可执行文件的路径。我不知道Windows中是否有类似的，但你通常在系统PATH中有JDK安装的bin文件夹:

echo %PATH%

从命令行运行这个程序:

// File: Main.java
public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
       System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home"));
    }

}


$ javac Main.java
$ java Main

脚本适用于32/64位Windows。

@echo off

setlocal enabledelayedexpansion

::- Get the Java Version
set KEY="HKLM\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment"
set KEY64="HKLM\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment"
set VALUE=CurrentVersion
reg query %KEY% /v %VALUE% 2>nul || (
    set KEY=!KEY64!
    reg query !KEY! /v %VALUE% 2>nul || (
    echo JRE not installed 
    exit /b 1
)
)

set JRE_VERSION=
for /f "tokens=2,*" %%a in ('reg query %KEY% /v %VALUE% ^| findstr %VALUE%') do (
    set JRE_VERSION=%%b
)

echo JRE VERSION: %JRE_VERSION%

::- Get the JavaHome
set KEY="HKLM\SOFTWARE\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\%JRE_VERSION%"
set KEY64="HKLM\SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\JavaSoft\Java Runtime Environment\%JRE_VERSION%"
set VALUE=JavaHome
reg query %KEY% /v %VALUE% 2>nul || (
    set KEY=!KEY64!
    reg query !KEY! /v %VALUE% 2>nul || (
    echo JavaHome not installed
    exit /b 1
)
)

set JAVAHOME=
for /f "tokens=2,*" %%a in ('reg query %KEY% /v %VALUE% ^| findstr %VALUE%') do (
    set JAVAHOME=%%b
)

echo JavaHome: %JAVAHOME%

endlocal

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $(which ${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java) ]]; then
    exe="${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java"
elif [[ $(which java) ]]; then
    exe="java"
else 
    echo "Java environment is not detected."
    exit 1
fi

${exe} -version

windows:

@echo off
if "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto nojavahome

echo Using JAVA_HOME            :   %JAVA_HOME%

"%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe" -version
goto exit

:nojavahome
echo The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program.
goto exit

:exit

这个链接可能有助于解释如何从bash中找到java可执行文件:http://srcode.org/2014/05/07/detect-java-executable/

您是否尝试查看您的%PATH%变量。这就是Windows用来查找任何可执行文件的方法。