根据MDN:

Map对象可以按插入顺序迭代其元素——for..of循环每次迭代将返回一个[key, value]数组。

and

Objects are similar to Maps in that both let you set keys to values, retrieve those values, delete keys, and detect whether something is stored at a key. Because of this, Objects have been used as Maps historically; however, there are important differences between Objects and Maps that make using a Map better. An Object has a prototype, so there are default keys in the map. However, this can be bypassed using map = Object.create(null). The keys of an Object are Strings, where they can be any value for a Map. You can get the size of a Map easily while you have to manually keep track of size for an Object.

Map

按顺序迭代是开发人员一直想要的功能，部分原因是它可以确保在所有浏览器中都具有相同的性能。所以对我来说，这是一个大问题。

myMap.has(key)方法将特别方便，还有myMap.has(key)方法。大小属性。

除了上面提到的可用性差异，如果你对大型对象的性能差异更感兴趣，普通对象在chrome上设置、更新和删除大量数据时似乎要快2倍。

Experiment here: https://perf.link/#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

我认为到目前为止答案中还没有提到以下几点，我认为它们值得一提。

地图可以更大

在Chrome中，我可以使用Map获得1670万个键/值对，而使用常规对象可以获得1110万个键/值对。带地图的情侣数量几乎增加了50%。它们在崩溃前都占用了大约2gb的内存，所以我认为可能与chrome的内存限制有关(是的，尝试填充2个地图，在崩溃前你只能得到830万对)。你可以用下面的代码自己测试它(显然，分开运行它们，而不是同时运行):

var m = new Map();
var i = 0;
while(1) {
    m.set(((10**30)*Math.random()).toString(36), ((10**30)*Math.random()).toString(36));
    i++;
    if(i%1000 === 0) { console.log(i/1000,"thousand") }
}
// versus:
var m = {};
var i = 0;
while(1) {
    m[((10**30)*Math.random()).toString(36)] = ((10**30)*Math.random()).toString(36);
    i++;
    if(i%1000 === 0) { console.log(i/1000,"thousand") }
}

对象已经有了一些属性/键

这个问题以前让我犯过错误。常规对象有toString, constructor, valueOf, hasOwnProperty, isPrototypeOf和其他一堆预先存在的属性。对于大多数用例来说，这可能不是一个大问题，但它曾经给我带来过问题。

地图会变慢:

由于.get函数调用开销和缺乏内部优化，Map在某些任务中可能比普通的旧JavaScript对象慢得多。

简介:

Object: A data structure in which data is stored as key value pairs. In an object the key has to be a number, string, or symbol. The value can be anything so also other objects, functions, etc. An object is a nonordered data structure, i.e. the sequence of insertion of key value pairs is not remembered ES6 Map: A data structure in which data is stored as key value pairs. In which a unique key maps to a value. Both the key and the value can be in any data type. A map is an iterable data structure. This means that the sequence of insertion is remembered and that we can access the elements in e.g. a for..of loop.

关键的不同点:

Map是有序的且可迭代的，而object不是有序的且不可迭代的(也就是说它们没有[符号]。迭代器]属性。但是，你可以在语法中使用for..遍历键。) 我们可以将任何类型的数据作为Map键，而对象只能将数字、字符串或符号作为键。 Map继承自Map.prototype。这提供了各种实用函数和属性，使Map对象的工作更加容易。

例子:

对象:

让obj = {}; //添加属性到对象 obj。Prop1 = 1; Obj [2] = 2; //获取对象属性的nr console.log(种(obj) . length) //删除属性 删除obj [2] console.log (obj)

Map:

const myMap = new Map(); const keyString = 'a string', keyObj = {}, keyFunc = function() {}; // setting the values myMap.set(keyString, "value associated with 'a string'"); myMap.set(keyObj, 'value associated with keyObj'); myMap.set(keyFunc, 'value associated with keyFunc'); console.log(myMap.size); // 3 // getting the values console.log(myMap.get(keyString)); // "value associated with 'a string'" console.log(myMap.get(keyObj)); // "value associated with keyObj" console.log(myMap.get(keyFunc)); // "value associated with keyFunc" console.log(myMap.get('a string')); // "value associated with 'a string'" // because keyString === 'a string' console.log(myMap.get({})); // undefined, because keyObj !== {} console.log(myMap.get(function() {})) // undefined, because keyFunc !== function () {}

来源:中数

根据MDN:

Map对象可以按插入顺序迭代其元素——for..of循环每次迭代将返回一个[key, value]数组。

and

Objects are similar to Maps in that both let you set keys to values, retrieve those values, delete keys, and detect whether something is stored at a key. Because of this, Objects have been used as Maps historically; however, there are important differences between Objects and Maps that make using a Map better. An Object has a prototype, so there are default keys in the map. However, this can be bypassed using map = Object.create(null). The keys of an Object are Strings, where they can be any value for a Map. You can get the size of a Map easily while you have to manually keep track of size for an Object.

Map

按顺序迭代是开发人员一直想要的功能，部分原因是它可以确保在所有浏览器中都具有相同的性能。所以对我来说，这是一个大问题。

myMap.has(key)方法将特别方便，还有myMap.has(key)方法。大小属性。

根据Mozilla

JavaScript中对象与地图的简短示例。

Object-遵循与map相同的概念，即使用键值对存储数据。但也有细微的差异，使得地图在某些情况下表现更好。

Map-是一种数据结构，有助于以对的形式存储数据。这一对由一个唯一键和映射到该键的值组成。这有助于防止口是心非。

关键的不同点

Map是对象的实例，反之则不然。

var map = new map (); var obj = new Object(); console.log(obj instanceof Map);/ /错误 console.log(映射实例对象);/ /正确的

在Object中，键字段的数据类型被限制为整数、字符串和符号。而在Map中，键字段可以是任何数据类型(整数、数组、对象)

var map = new map();//空 map.set (1, ' 1 '); 地图。(' 1 ', 1); 地图。set('{}'， {name:'Hello, World!'}); map.set (12.3, 12.3) map.set([12]、[12345]) (let [key,value] of map.entries()) console.log(键+“-”+值)

在Map中，元素的原始顺序被保留。这在对象的情况下是不正确的。

让obj ={ 1: ' 1 ', “一”:1、 '{}': {name:'Hello world'}， 12.3:12.3, [12]: [100] ｝ console.log (obj)