Here's my relatively simple solution to this problem. The keys to this solution are to use FragmentStatePagerAdapter instead of FragmentPagerAdapter as the former will remove unused fragments for you while the later still retains their instances. The second is the use of POSITION_NONE in getItem(). I've used a simple List to keep track of my fragments. My requirement was to replace the entire list of fragments at once with a new list, but the below could be easily modified to replace individual fragments:

public class MyFragmentAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
    private List<Fragment> fragmentList = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
    private List<String> tabTitleList = new ArrayList<String>();

    public MyFragmentAdapter(FragmentManager fm) {
        super(fm);
    }

    public void addFragments(List<Fragment> fragments, List<String> titles) {
        fragmentList.clear();
        tabTitleList.clear();
        fragmentList.addAll(fragments);
        tabTitleList.addAll(titles);
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        if (fragmentList.contains(object)) {
            return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
        }
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int item) {
        if (item >= fragmentList.size()) {
            return null;
        }
        return fragmentList.get(item);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return fragmentList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return tabTitleList.get(position);
    }
}

经过研究，我找到了短代码的解决方案。 首先，在fragment上创建一个公共实例，如果fragment没有在方向改变上重新创建，则在onSaveInstanceState上删除你的fragment。

 @Override
public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
    if (null != mCalFragment) {
        FragmentTransaction bt = getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        bt.remove(mFragment);
        bt.commit();
    }
    super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
}

要替换ViewPager中的片段，你可以将ViewPager、PagerAdapter和FragmentStatePagerAdapter类的源代码移动到你的项目中，并添加以下代码。

分为:viewpage:

public void notifyItemChanged(Object oldItem, Object newItem) {
    if (mItems != null) {
            for (ItemInfo itemInfo : mItems) {
                        if (itemInfo.object.equals(oldItem)) {
                                itemInfo.object = newItem;
                        }
                    }
       }
       invalidate();
    }

FragmentStatePagerAdapter:

public void replaceFragmetns(ViewPager container, Fragment oldFragment, Fragment newFragment) {
       startUpdate(container);

       // remove old fragment

       if (mCurTransaction == null) {
            mCurTransaction = mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        }
       int position = getFragmentPosition(oldFragment);
        while (mSavedState.size() <= position) {
            mSavedState.add(null);
        }
        mSavedState.set(position, null);
        mFragments.set(position, null);

        mCurTransaction.remove(oldFragment);

        // add new fragment

        while (mFragments.size() <= position) {
            mFragments.add(null);
        }
        mFragments.set(position, newFragment);
        mCurTransaction.add(container.getId(), newFragment);

       finishUpdate(container);

       // ensure getItem returns newFragemtn after calling handleGetItemInbalidated()
       handleGetItemInbalidated(container, oldFragment, newFragment);

       container.notifyItemChanged(oldFragment, newFragment);
    }

protected abstract void handleGetItemInbalidated(View container, Fragment oldFragment, Fragment newFragment);
protected abstract int  getFragmentPosition(Fragment fragment);

handleGetItemInvalidated()确保下一次调用getItem()后返回newFragment getFragmentPosition()返回片段在适配器中的位置。

现在，替换片段调用

mAdapter.replaceFragmetns(mViewPager, oldFragment, newFragment);

如果你对一个示例项目感兴趣，请向我索取资源。

我也做了一个解决方案，那就是与Stacks合作。这是一种更模块化的方法，所以你不必在FragmentPagerAdapter中指定每个Fragment和Detail Fragment。它建立在ActionbarSherlock的示例之上，如果我是对的，它来自谷歌演示应用程序。

/**
 * This is a helper class that implements the management of tabs and all
 * details of connecting a ViewPager with associated TabHost.  It relies on a
 * trick.  Normally a tab host has a simple API for supplying a View or
 * Intent that each tab will show.  This is not sufficient for switching
 * between pages.  So instead we make the content part of the tab host
 * 0dp high (it is not shown) and the TabsAdapter supplies its own dummy
 * view to show as the tab content.  It listens to changes in tabs, and takes
 * care of switch to the correct paged in the ViewPager whenever the selected
 * tab changes.
 * 
 * Changed to support more Layers of fragments on each Tab.
 * by sebnapi (2012)
 * 
 */
public class TabsAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter
        implements TabHost.OnTabChangeListener, ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener {
    private final Context mContext;
    private final TabHost mTabHost;
    private final ViewPager mViewPager;

    private ArrayList<String> mTabTags = new ArrayList<String>();
    private HashMap<String, Stack<TabInfo>> mTabStackMap = new HashMap<String, Stack<TabInfo>>();

    static final class TabInfo {
        public final String tag;
        public final Class<?> clss;
        public Bundle args;

        TabInfo(String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args) {
            tag = _tag;
            clss = _class;
            args = _args;
        }
    }

    static class DummyTabFactory implements TabHost.TabContentFactory {
        private final Context mContext;

        public DummyTabFactory(Context context) {
            mContext = context;
        }

        @Override
        public View createTabContent(String tag) {
            View v = new View(mContext);
            v.setMinimumWidth(0);
            v.setMinimumHeight(0);
            return v;
        }
    }

    public interface SaveStateBundle{
        public Bundle onRemoveFragment(Bundle outState);
    }

    public TabsAdapter(FragmentActivity activity, TabHost tabHost, ViewPager pager) {
        super(activity.getSupportFragmentManager());
        mContext = activity;
        mTabHost = tabHost;
        mViewPager = pager;
        mTabHost.setOnTabChangedListener(this);
        mViewPager.setAdapter(this);
        mViewPager.setOnPageChangeListener(this);
    }

    /**
     * Add a Tab which will have Fragment Stack. Add Fragments on this Stack by using
     * addFragment(FragmentManager fm, String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args)
     * The Stack will hold always the default Fragment u add here.
     * 
     * DON'T ADD Tabs with same tag, it's not beeing checked and results in unexpected
     * beahvior.
     * 
     * @param tabSpec
     * @param clss
     * @param args
     */
    public void addTab(TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec, Class<?> clss, Bundle args){
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = new Stack<TabInfo>();

        tabSpec.setContent(new DummyTabFactory(mContext));
        mTabHost.addTab(tabSpec);
        String tag = tabSpec.getTag();
        TabInfo info = new TabInfo(tag, clss, args);

        mTabTags.add(tag);                  // to know the position of the tab tag 
        tabStack.add(info);
        mTabStackMap.put(tag, tabStack);
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    /**
     * Will add the Fragment to Tab with the Tag _tag. Provide the Class of the Fragment
     * it will be instantiated by this object. Proivde _args for your Fragment.
     * 
     * @param fm
     * @param _tag
     * @param _class
     * @param _args
     */
    public void addFragment(FragmentManager fm, String _tag, Class<?> _class, Bundle _args){
        TabInfo info = new TabInfo(_tag, _class, _args);
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = mTabStackMap.get(_tag);   
        Fragment frag = fm.findFragmentByTag("android:switcher:" + mViewPager.getId() + ":" + mTabTags.indexOf(_tag));
        if(frag instanceof SaveStateBundle){
            Bundle b = new Bundle();
            ((SaveStateBundle) frag).onRemoveFragment(b);
            tabStack.peek().args = b;
        }
        tabStack.add(info);
        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
        ft.remove(frag).commit();
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    /**
     * Will pop the Fragment added to the Tab with the Tag _tag
     * 
     * @param fm
     * @param _tag
     * @return
     */
    public boolean popFragment(FragmentManager fm, String _tag){
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = mTabStackMap.get(_tag);   
        if(tabStack.size()>1){
            tabStack.pop();
            Fragment frag = fm.findFragmentByTag("android:switcher:" + mViewPager.getId() + ":" + mTabTags.indexOf(_tag));
            FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
            ft.remove(frag).commit();
            notifyDataSetChanged();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public boolean back(FragmentManager fm) {
        int position = mViewPager.getCurrentItem();
        return popFragment(fm, mTabTags.get(position));
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mTabStackMap.size();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        ArrayList<Class<?>> positionNoneHack = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
        for(Stack<TabInfo> tabStack: mTabStackMap.values()){
            positionNoneHack.add(tabStack.peek().clss);
        }   // if the object class lies on top of our stacks, we return default
        if(positionNoneHack.contains(object.getClass())){
            return POSITION_UNCHANGED;
        }
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        Stack<TabInfo> tabStack = mTabStackMap.get(mTabTags.get(position));
        TabInfo info = tabStack.peek();
        return Fragment.instantiate(mContext, info.clss.getName(), info.args);
    }

    @Override
    public void onTabChanged(String tabId) {
        int position = mTabHost.getCurrentTab();
        mViewPager.setCurrentItem(position);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onPageSelected(int position) {
        // Unfortunately when TabHost changes the current tab, it kindly
        // also takes care of putting focus on it when not in touch mode.
        // The jerk.
        // This hack tries to prevent this from pulling focus out of our
        // ViewPager.
        TabWidget widget = mTabHost.getTabWidget();
        int oldFocusability = widget.getDescendantFocusability();
        widget.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_BLOCK_DESCENDANTS);
        mTabHost.setCurrentTab(position);
        widget.setDescendantFocusability(oldFocusability);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
    }

}

在MainActivity中添加后退按钮功能:

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
  if (!mTabsAdapter.back(getSupportFragmentManager())) {
    super.onBackPressed();
  }
}

如果你想保存碎片状态，当它被删除。让你的Fragment实现接口SaveStateBundle在函数中返回一个带有你保存状态的bundle。通过this.getArguments()获得实例化后的bundle。

你可以这样实例化一个标签:

mTabsAdapter.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("firstTabTag").setIndicator("First Tab Title"),
                FirstFragmentActivity.FirstFragmentFragment.class, null);

工作类似，如果你想添加一个片段在标签堆栈的顶部。 重要:我认为，如果你想在两个tab上有两个相同类的实例，这是行不通的。 我在一起很快就解决了这个问题，所以我只能分享它，没有提供任何经验。

我已经创建了一个ViewPager 3个元素和2个子元素的索引2和3和这里我想做的。

我已经在StackOverFlow之前的问题和答案的帮助下实现了这一点，这里是链接。

ViewPagerChildFragments

这就是我实现目标的方法。

首先，在viewPager标签中添加Root_fragment，你想在其中实现按钮点击片段事件。例子;

@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {
  if(position==0)
      return RootTabFragment.newInstance();
  else
      return SecondPagerFragment.newInstance();
}

首先，RootTabFragment应该包含FragmentLayout来改变片段。

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
   android:id="@+id/root_frame"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent">
</FrameLayout>

然后，在RootTabFragment onCreateView内部，实现FirstPagerFragment的fragmentChange

getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.root_frame, FirstPagerFragment.newInstance()).commit();

在那之后，实现onClick事件为您的按钮在FirstPagerFragment和使片段改变像那样再次。

getChildFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.root_frame, NextFragment.newInstance()).commit();

希望这对你们有帮助。