xmltodict(完全公开:是我写的)可以帮助您按照这个“标准”将XML转换为字典+列表+字符串结构。它是基于expat的，所以速度非常快，而且不需要在内存中加载整个XML树。

一旦你有了这个数据结构，你可以将它序列化为JSON:

import xmltodict, json

o = xmltodict.parse('<e> <a>text</a> <a>text</a> </e>')
json.dumps(o) # '{"e": {"a": ["text", "text"]}}'

您可以使用xmljson库使用不同的XML JSON约定进行转换。

例如，这个XML:

<p id="1">text</p>

通过BadgerFish惯例翻译为:

{
  'p': {
    '@id': 1,
    '$': 'text'
  }
}

并通过GData约定转换成这个(不支持属性):

{
  'p': {
    '$t': 'text'
  }
}

．.． 并通过Parker约定转换为这个(不支持属性):

{
  'p': 'text'
}

可以使用相同的方法从XML转换为JSON，也可以从JSON转换为XML 约定:

>>> import json, xmljson
>>> from lxml.etree import fromstring, tostring
>>> xml = fromstring('<p id="1">text</p>')
>>> json.dumps(xmljson.badgerfish.data(xml))
'{"p": {"@id": 1, "$": "text"}}'
>>> xmljson.parker.etree({'ul': {'li': [1, 2]}})
# Creates [<ul><li>1</li><li>2</li></ul>]

披露:这个库是我写的。希望它能帮助未来的搜索者。

可能最简单的方法是将XML解析为字典，然后用simplejson序列化它。

当我在python中处理XML时，我几乎总是使用lxml包。我怀疑大多数人都使用lxml。您可以使用xmltodict，但您将不得不再次解析XML。

用lxml将XML转换为json:

用lxml解析XML文档 将lxml转换为dict 将列表转换为json

我在我的项目中使用下面的类。使用toJson方法。

from lxml import etree 
import json


class Element:
    '''
    Wrapper on the etree.Element class.  Extends functionality to output element
    as a dictionary.
    '''

    def __init__(self, element):
        '''
        :param: element a normal etree.Element instance
        '''
        self.element = element

    def toDict(self):
        '''
        Returns the element as a dictionary.  This includes all child elements.
        '''
        rval = {
            self.element.tag: {
                'attributes': dict(self.element.items()),
            },
        }
        for child in self.element:
            rval[self.element.tag].update(Element(child).toDict())
        return rval


class XmlDocument:
    '''
    Wraps lxml to provide:
        - cleaner access to some common lxml.etree functions
        - converter from XML to dict
        - converter from XML to json
    '''
    def __init__(self, xml = '<empty/>', filename=None):
        '''
        There are two ways to initialize the XmlDocument contents:
            - String
            - File

        You don't have to initialize the XmlDocument during instantiation
        though.  You can do it later with the 'set' method.  If you choose to
        initialize later XmlDocument will be initialized with "<empty/>".

        :param: xml Set this argument if you want to parse from a string.
        :param: filename Set this argument if you want to parse from a file.
        '''
        self.set(xml, filename) 

    def set(self, xml=None, filename=None):
        '''
        Use this to set or reset the contents of the XmlDocument.

        :param: xml Set this argument if you want to parse from a string.
        :param: filename Set this argument if you want to parse from a file.
        '''
        if filename is not None:
            self.tree = etree.parse(filename)
            self.root = self.tree.getroot()
        else:
            self.root = etree.fromstring(xml)
            self.tree = etree.ElementTree(self.root)


    def dump(self):
        etree.dump(self.root)

    def getXml(self):
        '''
        return document as a string
        '''
        return etree.tostring(self.root)

    def xpath(self, xpath):
        '''
        Return elements that match the given xpath.

        :param: xpath
        '''
        return self.tree.xpath(xpath);

    def nodes(self):
        '''
        Return all elements
        '''
        return self.root.iter('*')

    def toDict(self):
        '''
        Convert to a python dictionary
        '''
        return Element(self.root).toDict()

    def toJson(self, indent=None):
        '''
        Convert to JSON
        '''
        return json.dumps(self.toDict(), indent=indent)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    xml='''<system>
    <product>
        <demod>
            <frequency value='2.215' units='MHz'>
                <blah value='1'/>
            </frequency>
        </demod>
    </product>
</system>
'''
    doc = XmlDocument(xml)
    print doc.toJson(indent=4)

内置main的输出是:

{
    "system": {
        "attributes": {}, 
        "product": {
            "attributes": {}, 
            "demod": {
                "attributes": {}, 
                "frequency": {
                    "attributes": {
                        "units": "MHz", 
                        "value": "2.215"
                    }, 
                    "blah": {
                        "attributes": {
                            "value": "1"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

它是xml的一个转换:

<system>
    <product>
        <demod>
            <frequency value='2.215' units='MHz'>
                <blah value='1'/>
            </frequency>
        </demod>
    </product>
</system>

如果您不想使用任何外部库和第三方工具，请尝试下面的代码。

Code

import re
import json

def getdict(content):
    res=re.findall("<(?P<var>\S*)(?P<attr>[^/>]*)(?:(?:>(?P<val>.*?)</(?P=var)>)|(?:/>))",content)
    if len(res)>=1:
        attreg="(?P<avr>\S+?)(?:(?:=(?P<quote>['\"])(?P<avl>.*?)(?P=quote))|(?:=(?P<avl1>.*?)(?:\s|$))|(?P<avl2>[\s]+)|$)"
        if len(res)>1:
            return [{i[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,i[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(i[2])}]} for i in res]
        else:
            return {res[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,res[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(res[2])}]}
    else:
        return content

with open("test.xml","r") as f:
    print(json.dumps(getdict(f.read().replace('\n',''))))

样例输入

<details class="4b" count=1 boy>
    <name type="firstname">John</name>
    <age>13</age>
    <hobby>Coin collection</hobby>
    <hobby>Stamp collection</hobby>
    <address>
        <country>USA</country>
        <state>CA</state>
    </address>
</details>
<details empty="True"/>
<details/>
<details class="4a" count=2 girl>
    <name type="firstname">Samantha</name>
    <age>13</age>
    <hobby>Fishing</hobby>
    <hobby>Chess</hobby>
    <address current="no">
        <country>Australia</country>
        <state>NSW</state>
    </address>
</details>

输出

[
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": [
          {
            "class": "4b"
          },
          {
            "count": "1"
          },
          {
            "boy": ""
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "$values": [
          {
            "name": [
              {
                "@attributes": [
                  {
                    "type": "firstname"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "$values": "John"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "age": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "13"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Coin collection"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Stamp collection"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "address": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": [
                  {
                    "country": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "USA"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "state": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "CA"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": [
          {
            "empty": "True"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "$values": ""
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": []
      },
      {
        "$values": ""
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "details": [
      {
        "@attributes": [
          {
            "class": "4a"
          },
          {
            "count": "2"
          },
          {
            "girl": ""
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "$values": [
          {
            "name": [
              {
                "@attributes": [
                  {
                    "type": "firstname"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "$values": "Samantha"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "age": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "13"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Fishing"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "hobby": [
              {
                "@attributes": []
              },
              {
                "$values": "Chess"
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "address": [
              {
                "@attributes": [
                  {
                    "current": "no"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "$values": [
                  {
                    "country": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "Australia"
                      }
                    ]
                  },
                  {
                    "state": [
                      {
                        "@attributes": []
                      },
                      {
                        "$values": "NSW"
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
]

我建议不要直接转换。将XML转换为对象，然后从对象转换为JSON。

在我看来，这为XML和JSON如何对应提供了一个更清晰的定义。

这需要时间来调整，你甚至可以编写工具来帮助你生成一些内容，但它大致如下所示:

class Channel:
  def __init__(self)
    self.items = []
    self.title = ""

  def from_xml( self, xml_node ):
    self.title = xml_node.xpath("title/text()")[0]
    for x in xml_node.xpath("item"):
      item = Item()
      item.from_xml( x )
      self.items.append( item )

  def to_json( self ):
    retval = {}
    retval['title'] = title
    retval['items'] = []
    for x in items:
      retval.append( x.to_json() )
    return retval

class Item:
  def __init__(self):
    ...

  def from_xml( self, xml_node ):
    ...

  def to_json( self ):
    ...