如何使用python3搜索和替换文件中的文本?

这是我的代码:

import os
import sys
import fileinput

print ("Text to search for:")
textToSearch = input( "> " )

print ("Text to replace it with:")
textToReplace = input( "> " )

print ("File to perform Search-Replace on:")
fileToSearch  = input( "> " )
#fileToSearch = 'D:\dummy1.txt'

tempFile = open( fileToSearch, 'r+' )

for line in fileinput.input( fileToSearch ):
    if textToSearch in line :
        print('Match Found')
    else:
        print('Match Not Found!!')
    tempFile.write( line.replace( textToSearch, textToReplace ) )
tempFile.close()


input( '\n\n Press Enter to exit...' )

输入文件:

hi this is abcd hi this is abcd
This is dummy text file.
This is how search and replace works abcd

当我在上面的输入文件中搜索并将“ram”替换为“abcd”时,它就像一个咒语。但当我反过来做,即替换'abcd'由'ram',一些垃圾字符被留在最后。

将'abcd'替换为'ram'

hi this is ram hi this is ram
This is dummy text file.
This is how search and replace works rambcd

当前回答

像这样:

def find_and_replace(file, word, replacement):
  with open(file, 'r+') as f:
    text = f.read()
    f.write(text.replace(word, replacement))

其他回答

正如michaelb958所指出的,不能用不同长度的数据替换现有的部分,因为这会使其余部分不合适。我不同意其他人建议你从一个文件读到另一个文件。相反,我将把文件读入内存,修复数据,然后在单独的步骤中将其写入相同的文件。

# Read in the file
with open('file.txt', 'r') as file :
  filedata = file.read()

# Replace the target string
filedata = filedata.replace('abcd', 'ram')

# Write the file out again
with open('file.txt', 'w') as file:
  file.write(filedata)

除非你有一个巨大的文件要处理,它太大了,无法一次性加载到内存中,或者你担心如果在向文件写入数据的第二步过程中中断,可能会导致数据丢失。

我试过用readline代替read

with open('dummy.txt','r') as file:
    list = file.readlines()
print(f'before removal {list}')
for i in list[:]:
        list.remove(i)

print(f'After removal {list}')
with open('dummy.txt','w+') as f:
    for i in list:
        f.write(i)

我的变种,在整个文件中一次一个词。

我把它读进了记忆。

def replace_word(infile,old_word,new_word):
    if not os.path.isfile(infile):
        print ("Error on replace_word, not a regular file: "+infile)
        sys.exit(1)

    f1=open(infile,'r').read()
    f2=open(infile,'w')
    m=f1.replace(old_word,new_word)
    f2.write(m)

您的问题源于读取和写入同一个文件。与其打开fileToSearch进行写入,不如打开一个实际的临时文件,然后在您完成并关闭tempFile之后,使用os。rename将新文件移动到fileToSearch上。

我已经把这个作为一个课程的练习:打开文件,找到并替换字符串,并写入一个新文件。

class Letter:

    def __init__(self):

        with open("./Input/Names/invited_names.txt", "r") as file:
            # read the list of names
            list_names = [line.rstrip() for line in file]
            with open("./Input/Letters/starting_letter.docx", "r") as f:
                # read letter
                file_source = f.read()
            for name in list_names:
                with open(f"./Output/ReadyToSend/LetterTo{name}.docx", "w") as f:
                    # replace [name] with name of the list in the file
                    replace_string = file_source.replace('[name]', name)
                    # write to a new file
                    f.write(replace_string)


brief = Letter()