有什么快速而简单的方法可以确保在给定时间内只有一个shell脚本实例在运行?
当前回答
这个例子是在man flock中解释的,但它需要一些改进,因为我们应该管理bug和退出代码:
#!/bin/bash
#set -e this is useful only for very stupid scripts because script fails when anything command exits with status more than 0 !! without possibility for capture exit codes. not all commands exits >0 are failed.
( #start subprocess
# Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
flock -x -w 10 200
if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then echo Cannot lock!; exit 1; fi
echo $$>>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #for backward lockdir compatibility, notice this command is executed AFTER command bottom ) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock.
# Do stuff
# you can properly manage exit codes with multiple command and process algorithm.
# I suggest throw this all to external procedure than can properly handle exit X commands
) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #exit subprocess
FLOCKEXIT=$? #save exitcode status
#do some finish commands
exit $FLOCKEXIT #return properly exitcode, may be usefull inside external scripts
你可以用另一种方法,列出我过去用过的过程。但这比上面的方法要复杂得多。你应该按ps列出进程,按其名称过滤,附加过滤器grep -v grep清除寄生虫,最后按grep -c计数。和数字比较。这是复杂而不确定的
其他回答
现有的答案要么依赖于CLI实用程序群,要么没有正确地保护锁文件。flock实用程序在所有非linux系统(即FreeBSD)上都不可用,在NFS上也不能正常工作。
在我从事系统管理和系统开发的早期,有人告诉我,一种安全且相对可移植的创建锁文件的方法是使用mkemp(3)或mkemp(1)创建临时文件,将标识信息写入临时文件(即PID),然后将临时文件硬链接到锁文件。如果链接成功,那么您已经成功地获得了锁。
当在shell脚本中使用锁时,我通常会在共享概要文件中放置一个obtain_lock()函数,然后从脚本中获取它。下面是一个lock函数的例子:
obtain_lock()
{
LOCK="${1}"
LOCKDIR="$(dirname "${LOCK}")"
LOCKFILE="$(basename "${LOCK}")"
# create temp lock file
TMPLOCK=$(mktemp -p "${LOCKDIR}" "${LOCKFILE}XXXXXX" 2> /dev/null)
if test "x${TMPLOCK}" == "x";then
echo "unable to create temporary file with mktemp" 1>&2
return 1
fi
echo "$$" > "${TMPLOCK}"
# attempt to obtain lock file
ln "${TMPLOCK}" "${LOCK}" 2> /dev/null
if test $? -ne 0;then
rm -f "${TMPLOCK}"
echo "unable to obtain lockfile" 1>&2
if test -f "${LOCK}";then
echo "current lock information held by: $(cat "${LOCK}")" 1>&2
fi
return 2
fi
rm -f "${TMPLOCK}"
return 0;
};
lock功能的使用示例如下:
#!/bin/sh
. /path/to/locking/profile.sh
PROG_LOCKFILE="/tmp/myprog.lock"
clean_up()
{
rm -f "${PROG_LOCKFILE}"
}
obtain_lock "${PROG_LOCKFILE}"
if test $? -ne 0;then
exit 1
fi
trap clean_up SIGHUP SIGINT SIGTERM
# bulk of script
clean_up
exit 0
# end of script
记住在脚本中的任何退出点调用clean_up。
我在Linux和FreeBSD环境中都使用了上述方法。
使用flock(1)在文件描述符上创建一个独占作用域锁。通过这种方式,您甚至可以同步脚本的不同部分。
#!/bin/bash
(
# Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
flock -x -w 10 200 || exit 1
# Do stuff
) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock
这确保(和)之间的代码一次只由一个进程运行,并且该进程不会为锁等待太长时间。
注意:这个特殊的命令是util-linux的一部分。如果您运行的是Linux以外的操作系统,那么它可能不可用,也可能不可用。
这个例子是在man flock中解释的,但它需要一些改进,因为我们应该管理bug和退出代码:
#!/bin/bash
#set -e this is useful only for very stupid scripts because script fails when anything command exits with status more than 0 !! without possibility for capture exit codes. not all commands exits >0 are failed.
( #start subprocess
# Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
flock -x -w 10 200
if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then echo Cannot lock!; exit 1; fi
echo $$>>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #for backward lockdir compatibility, notice this command is executed AFTER command bottom ) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock.
# Do stuff
# you can properly manage exit codes with multiple command and process algorithm.
# I suggest throw this all to external procedure than can properly handle exit X commands
) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #exit subprocess
FLOCKEXIT=$? #save exitcode status
#do some finish commands
exit $FLOCKEXIT #return properly exitcode, may be usefull inside external scripts
你可以用另一种方法,列出我过去用过的过程。但这比上面的方法要复杂得多。你应该按ps列出进程,按其名称过滤,附加过滤器grep -v grep清除寄生虫,最后按grep -c计数。和数字比较。这是复杂而不确定的
我使用onlineer @脚本的开头:
#!/bin/bash
if [[ $(pgrep -afc "$(basename "$0")") -gt "1" ]]; then echo "Another instance of "$0" has already been started!" && exit; fi
.
the_beginning_of_actual_script
在内存中看到进程的存在是很好的(不管进程的状态是什么);但它对我很有用。
看看FLOM (Free LOck Manager) http://sourceforge.net/projects/flom/:,您可以使用文件系统中不需要锁文件的抽象资源来同步命令和/或脚本。您可以在没有NFS(网络文件系统)服务器这样的NAS(网络附加存储)的情况下同步在不同系统中运行的命令。
使用最简单的用例,序列化“command1”和“command2”可能和执行一样简单:
flom -- command1
and
flom -- command2
来自两个不同的shell脚本。