如果flock的限制，这已经在这篇文章的其他地方描述过了，对你来说不是问题，那么这应该是有效的:

#!/bin/bash

{
    # exit if we are unable to obtain a lock; this would happen if 
    # the script is already running elsewhere
    # note: -x (exclusive) is the default
    flock -n 100 || exit

    # put commands to run here
    sleep 100
} 100>/tmp/myjob.lock 

另一个选项是通过运行set -C来使用shell的noclobber选项。如果文件已经存在，那么>将失败。

简而言之:

set -C
lockfile="/tmp/locktest.lock"
if echo "$$" > "$lockfile"; then
    echo "Successfully acquired lock"
    # do work
    rm "$lockfile"    # XXX or via trap - see below
else
    echo "Cannot acquire lock - already locked by $(cat "$lockfile")"
fi

这会导致shell调用:

open(pathname, O_CREAT|O_EXCL)

自动创建文件，如果文件已经存在则失败。

根据BashFAQ 045上的评论，这可能在ksh88中失败，但它在我所有的shell中都有效:

$ strace -e trace=creat,open -f /bin/bash /home/mikel/bin/testopen 2>&1 | grep -F testopen.lock
open("/tmp/testopen.lock", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0666) = 3

$ strace -e trace=creat,open -f /bin/zsh /home/mikel/bin/testopen 2>&1 | grep -F testopen.lock
open("/tmp/testopen.lock", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOCTTY|O_LARGEFILE, 0666) = 3

$ strace -e trace=creat,open -f /bin/pdksh /home/mikel/bin/testopen 2>&1 | grep -F testopen.lock
open("/tmp/testopen.lock", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_TRUNC|O_LARGEFILE, 0666) = 3

$ strace -e trace=creat,open -f /bin/dash /home/mikel/bin/testopen 2>&1 | grep -F testopen.lock
open("/tmp/testopen.lock", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_LARGEFILE, 0666) = 3

有趣的是pdksh添加了O_TRUNC标志，但显然这是多余的: 要么创建一个空文件，要么什么也不做。

如何进行rm取决于您希望如何处理不干净的出口。

在干净退出时删除

新的运行失败，直到导致不干净退出的问题得到解决，并手动删除锁文件。

# acquire lock
# do work (code here may call exit, etc.)
rm "$lockfile"

在任何出口删除

只要脚本尚未运行，新的运行就会成功。

trap 'rm "$lockfile"' EXIT

我有一个基于文件名的简单解决方案

#!/bin/bash

MY_FILENAME=`basename "$BASH_SOURCE"`

MY_PROCESS_COUNT=$(ps a -o pid,cmd | grep $MY_FILENAME | grep -v grep | grep -v $$ | wc -
l)

if [ $MY_PROCESS_COUNT -ne 0  ]; then
  echo found another process
  exit 0
if

# Follows the code to get the job done.

下面这一行的回答来自一个与Ask Ubuntu问答相关的人:

[ "${FLOCKER}" != "$0" ] && exec env FLOCKER="$0" flock -en "$0" "$0" "$@" || :
#     This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts.  Put it at the top  of
#     the  shell script you want to lock and it'll automatically lock itself on
#     the first run.  If the env var $FLOCKER is not set to  the  shell  script
#     that  is being run, then execute flock and grab an exclusive non-blocking
#     lock (using the script itself as the lock file) before re-execing  itself
#     with  the right arguments.  It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right
#     value so it doesn't run again.

在flock(2)系统调用周围有一个包装器，毫无想象力地称为flock(1)。这使得可靠地获得独占锁相对容易，而不必担心清理等问题。手册页上有一些关于如何在shell脚本中使用它的示例。

为什么我们不用像这样的东西

pgrep -f $cmd || $cmd