我在Bash中有一个字符串:
string="My string"
如何测试它是否包含另一个字符串?
if [ $string ?? 'foo' ]; then
echo "It's there!"
fi
哪里是我不认识的接线员。我使用echo和grep吗?
if echo "$string" | grep 'foo'; then
echo "It's there!"
fi
这看起来有点笨拙。
我在Bash中有一个字符串:
string="My string"
如何测试它是否包含另一个字符串?
if [ $string ?? 'foo' ]; then
echo "It's there!"
fi
哪里是我不认识的接线员。我使用echo和grep吗?
if echo "$string" | grep 'foo'; then
echo "It's there!"
fi
这看起来有点笨拙。
当前回答
我使用这个函数(一个不包括但很明显的依赖项)。它通过了以下测试。如果函数返回值>0,则找到字符串。你也可以很容易地返回1或0。
function str_instr {
# Return position of ```str``` within ```string```.
# >>> str_instr "str" "string"
# str: String to search for.
# string: String to search.
typeset str string x
# Behavior here is not the same in bash vs ksh unless we escape special characters.
str="$(str_escape_special_characters "${1}")"
string="${2}"
x="${string%%$str*}"
if [[ "${x}" != "${string}" ]]; then
echo "${#x} + 1" | bc -l
else
echo 0
fi
}
function test_str_instr {
str_instr "(" "'foo@host (dev,web)'" | assert_eq 11
str_instr ")" "'foo@host (dev,web)'" | assert_eq 19
str_instr "[" "'foo@host [dev,web]'" | assert_eq 11
str_instr "]" "'foo@host [dev,web]'" | assert_eq 19
str_instr "a" "abc" | assert_eq 1
str_instr "z" "abc" | assert_eq 0
str_instr "Eggs" "Green Eggs And Ham" | assert_eq 7
str_instr "a" "" | assert_eq 0
str_instr "" "" | assert_eq 0
str_instr " " "Green Eggs" | assert_eq 6
str_instr " " " Green " | assert_eq 1
}
其他回答
由于POSIX/BusyBox问题在没有提供正确答案(IMHO)的情况下结束,我将在这里发布答案。
最简单的答案是:
[ ${_string_##*$_substring_*} ] || echo Substring found!
or
[ "${_string_##*$_substring_*}" ] || echo 'Substring found!'
注意,对于某些shell(ash),双哈希是必须的。当未找到子字符串时,上面将计算[stringvalue]。它不会返回错误。找到子字符串时,结果为空,其结果为[]。这将抛出错误代码1,因为字符串被完全替换(由于*)。
最短最常见的语法:
[ -z "${_string_##*$_substring_*}" ] && echo 'Substring found!'
or
[ -n "${_string_##*$_substring_*}" ] || echo 'Substring found!'
另一个:
[ "${_string_##$_substring_}" != "$_string_" ] && echo 'Substring found!'
or
[ "${_string_##$_substring_}" = "$_string_" ] || echo 'Substring found!'
注意单个等号!
msg="message"
function check {
echo $msg | egrep [abc] 1> /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 1 ];
then
echo "found"
else
echo "not found"
fi
}
check
这将发现a、b或c的任何出现
此堆栈溢出答案是唯一一个陷阱空格和破折号字符的答案:
# For null cmd arguments checking
to_check=' -t'
space_n_dash_chars=' -'
[[ $to_check == *"$space_n_dash_chars"* ]] && echo found
您可以使用逻辑&&以更紧凑
#!/bin/bash
# NO MATCH EXAMPLE
string="test"
[[ "$string" == *"foo"* ]] && {
echo "YES"
}
# MATCH EXAMPLE
string="tefoost"
[[ "$string" == *"foo"* ]] && {
echo "YES"
}
一个是:
[ $(expr $mystring : ".*${search}.*") -ne 0 ] && echo 'yes' || echo 'no'