在这些情况下，当你有一个公共API，并且你想要私有和公共的方法/属性时，我总是使用模块模式。这个模式在YUI库中很流行，详细信息可以在这里找到:

http://yuiblog.com/blog/2007/06/12/module-pattern/

它非常简单明了，其他开发人员也很容易理解。举个简单的例子:

var MYLIB = function() {  
    var aPrivateProperty = true;
    var aPrivateMethod = function() {
        // some code here...
    };
    return {
        aPublicMethod : function() {
            aPrivateMethod(); // okay
            // some code here...
        },
        aPublicProperty : true
    };  
}();

MYLIB.aPrivateMethod() // not okay
MYLIB.aPublicMethod() // okay

我想到了这个:编辑:实际上，有人已经链接到一个相同的解决方案。咄!

var Car = function() {
}

Car.prototype = (function() {
    var hotWire = function() {
        // Private code *with* access to public properties through 'this'
        alert( this.drive() ); // Alerts 'Vroom!'
    }

    return {
        steal: function() {
            hotWire.call( this ); // Call a private method
        },
        drive: function() {
            return 'Vroom!';
        }
    };
})();

var getAwayVechile = new Car();

hotWire(); // Not allowed
getAwayVechile.hotWire(); // Not allowed
getAwayVechile.steal(); // Alerts 'Vroom!'

如果你想要所有的公共函数和私有函数，并让公共函数能够访问私有函数，可以这样布局一个对象的代码:

function MyObject(arg1, arg2, ...) {
  //constructor code using constructor arguments...
  //create/access public variables as 
  // this.var1 = foo;

  //private variables

  var v1;
  var v2;

  //private functions
  function privateOne() {
  }

  function privateTwon() {
  }

  //public functions

  MyObject.prototype.publicOne = function () {
  };

  MyObject.prototype.publicTwo = function () {
  };
}

模块模式在大多数情况下是正确的。但是如果您有数千个实例，类可以节省内存。如果需要考虑节省内存，并且您的对象包含少量私有数据，但有大量公共函数，那么您将希望所有公共函数都驻留在.prototype中以节省内存。

这是我想到的:

var MyClass = (function () {
    var secret = {}; // You can only getPriv() if you know this
    function MyClass() {
        var that = this, priv = {
            foo: 0 // ... and other private values
        };
        that.getPriv = function (proof) {
            return (proof === secret) && priv;
        };
    }
    MyClass.prototype.inc = function () {
        var priv = this.getPriv(secret);
        priv.foo += 1;
        return priv.foo;
    };
    return MyClass;
}());
var x = new MyClass();
x.inc(); // 1
x.inc(); // 2

对象priv包含私有属性。它可以通过公共函数getPriv()访问，但该函数返回false，除非您将secret传递给它，并且只有在主闭包中才知道。

以下是迄今为止我最喜欢的关于javascript中的私有/公共方法/成员和实例化:

这是文章:http://www.sefol.com/?p=1090

下面是一个例子:

var Person = (function () {

    //Immediately returns an anonymous function which builds our modules 
    return function (name, location) {

        alert("createPerson called with " + name);

        var localPrivateVar = name;

        var localPublicVar = "A public variable";

        var localPublicFunction = function () {
            alert("PUBLIC Func called, private var is :" + localPrivateVar)
        };

        var localPrivateFunction = function () {
            alert("PRIVATE Func called ")
        };

        var setName = function (name) {

            localPrivateVar = name;

        }

        return {

            publicVar: localPublicVar,

            location: location,

            publicFunction: localPublicFunction,

            setName: setName

        }

    }
})();


//Request a Person instance - should print "createPerson called with ben"
var x = Person("ben", "germany");

//Request a Person instance - should print "createPerson called with candide"
var y = Person("candide", "belgium");

//Prints "ben"
x.publicFunction();

//Prints "candide"
y.publicFunction();

//Now call a public function which sets the value of a private variable in the x instance
x.setName("Ben 2");

//Shouldn't have changed this : prints "candide"
y.publicFunction();

//Should have changed this : prints "Ben 2"
x.publicFunction();

JSFiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/northkildonan/kopj3dt3/1/

老问题，但这是一个相当简单的任务，可以用核心JS正确解决…没有ES6的Class抽象。事实上，据我所知，类抽象甚至不能解决这个问题。

我们既可以使用老的构造函数，也可以使用Object.create()更好地完成这项工作。让我们先从构造函数开始。这本质上是一个与georgebrock的答案相似的解决方案，georgebrock的答案受到了批评，因为所有由Restaurant构造函数创建的餐厅都将具有相同的私有方法。我会努力克服这个限制。

function restaurantFactory(name,menu){ function Restaurant(name){ this.name = name; } function prototypeFactory(menu){ // This is a private function function calculateBill(item){ return menu[item] || 0; } // This is the prototype to be return { constructor: Restaurant , askBill : function(...items){ var cost = items.reduce((total,item) => total + calculateBill(item) ,0) return "Thank you for dining at " + this.name + ". Total is: " + cost + "\n" } , callWaiter : function(){ return "I have just called the waiter at " + this.name + "\n"; } } } Restaurant.prototype = prototypeFactory(menu); return new Restaurant(name,menu); } var menu = { water: 1 , coke : 2 , beer : 3 , beef : 15 , rice : 2 }, name = "Silver Scooop", rest = restaurantFactory(name,menu); console.log(rest.callWaiter()); console.log(rest.askBill("beer", "beef"));

现在显然我们不能从外部访问菜单，但我们可以很容易地重命名餐厅的name属性。

这也可以用object .create()来完成，在这种情况下，我们跳过构造函数，简单地像var rest = object .create(prototypeFactory(menu))那样做，然后像rest.name = name那样将name属性添加到rest对象。