The documentation makes the calloc look like malloc, which just does zero-initialize the memory; this is not the primary difference! The idea of calloc is to abstract copy-on-write semantics for memory allocation. When you allocate memory with calloc it all maps to same physical page which is initialized to zero. When any of the pages of the allocated memory is written into a physical page is allocated. This is often used to make HUGE hash tables, for example since the parts of hash which are empty aren't backed by any extra memory (pages); they happily point to the single zero-initialized page, which can be even shared between processes.

任何对虚拟地址的写都被映射到一个页，如果该页是零页，则分配另一个物理页，将零页复制到那里，并将控制流返回给客户端进程。这与内存映射文件、虚拟内存等工作方式相同。它使用分页。

下面是一个关于这个主题的优化故事: http://blogs.fau.de/hager/2007/05/08/benchmarking-fun-with-calloc-and-zero-pages/

malloc和calloc都分配内存，但calloc将所有位初始化为0，而malloc则不这样做。

可以说，Calloc相当于malloc + memset + 0(其中memset将指定的内存位设置为0)。

因此，如果不需要初始化为0，那么使用malloc可能会更快。

The documentation makes the calloc look like malloc, which just does zero-initialize the memory; this is not the primary difference! The idea of calloc is to abstract copy-on-write semantics for memory allocation. When you allocate memory with calloc it all maps to same physical page which is initialized to zero. When any of the pages of the allocated memory is written into a physical page is allocated. This is often used to make HUGE hash tables, for example since the parts of hash which are empty aren't backed by any extra memory (pages); they happily point to the single zero-initialized page, which can be even shared between processes.

任何对虚拟地址的写都被映射到一个页，如果该页是零页，则分配另一个物理页，将零页复制到那里，并将控制流返回给客户端进程。这与内存映射文件、虚拟内存等工作方式相同。它使用分页。

下面是一个关于这个主题的优化故事: http://blogs.fau.de/hager/2007/05/08/benchmarking-fun-with-calloc-and-zero-pages/

块数: Malloc()分配请求的单个内存块， Calloc()为请求的内存分配多个块

初始化: Malloc() -不清除和初始化分配的内存。 Calloc() -将分配的内存初始化为0。

速度: Malloc()速度很快。 Calloc()比malloc()慢。

参数和语法: Malloc()接受1个参数:

字节 要分配的字节数

Calloc()有两个参数:

长度 要分配的内存块的数量 字节 在每个内存块上分配的字节数

void *malloc(size_t bytes);         
void *calloc(size_t length, size_t bytes);      

内存分配方式: malloc函数从可用堆中分配所需“大小”的内存。 calloc函数分配的内存大小等于' num *size '。

名称含义: malloc的意思是“内存分配”。 calloc的意思是“连续分配”。

在<stdlib.h>标头中声明的calloc()函数比malloc()函数提供了几个优点。

它将内存分配为一定数量的给定大小的元素 它初始化所分配的内存，这样所有的位都是 零。

区别1:

Malloc()通常分配内存块，它是初始化的内存段。

Calloc()分配内存块并将所有内存块初始化为0。

区别2:

如果考虑malloc()语法，它只需要1个参数。考虑下面的例子:

data_type ptr = (cast_type *)malloc( sizeof(data_type)*no_of_blocks );

例如:如果你想为int类型分配10块内存，

int *ptr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * 10 );

如果考虑calloc()语法，它将接受2个参数。考虑下面的例子:

data_type ptr = (cast_type *)calloc(no_of_blocks, (sizeof(data_type)));

例如:如果你想为int类型分配10块内存，并将所有这些初始化为0，

int *ptr = (int *) calloc(10, (sizeof(int)));

相似度:

malloc()和calloc()如果没有进行类型强制转换，默认情况下都会返回void* !