如何在Java中初始化一个静态Map ?
方法一:静态初始化器 方法二:实例初始化器(匿名子类) 或 还有别的方法吗?
它们各自的优点和缺点是什么?
下面是一个例子来说明这两种方法:
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test {
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
myMap.put(1, "one");
myMap.put(2, "two");
}
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap2 = new HashMap<>(){
{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}
};
}
当前回答
如果你只需要向映射中添加一个值，你可以使用Collections.singletonMap:
Map<K, V> map = Collections.singletonMap(key, value)
其他回答
我喜欢匿名类，因为它很容易处理:
public static final Map<?, ?> numbers = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<Integer, String>() {
{
put(1, "some value");
//rest of code here
}
});
在Java 8中，我已经开始使用以下模式:
private static final Map<String, Integer> MAP = Stream.of(
new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>("key1", 1),
new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<>("key2", 2)
).collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
这不是最简洁的，有点迂回，但是
它不需要java.util之外的任何东西 它是类型安全的，很容易容纳不同类型的键和值。
这一个使用Apache common -lang，它很可能已经在你的类路径上了:
Map<String, String> collect = Stream.of(
Pair.of("hello", "world"),
Pair.of("abc", "123"),
Pair.of("java", "eight")
).collect(Collectors.toMap(Pair::getKey, Pair::getValue));
使用Eclipse Collections，以下所有功能都可以工作:
import java.util.Map;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.ImmutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.MutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.Maps;
public class StaticMapsTest
{
private static final Map<Integer, String> MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> MUTABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> UNMODIFIABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asUnmodifiable();
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> SYNCHRONIZED_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asSynchronized();
private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").toImmutable();
private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP2 =
Maps.immutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
}
您还可以使用Eclipse Collections静态地初始化原始映射。
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.ImmutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.MutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.primitive.IntObjectMaps;
public class StaticPrimitiveMapsTest
{
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> MUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two");
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> UNMODIFIABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.asUnmodifiable();
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> SYNCHRONIZED_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.asSynchronized();
private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.toImmutable();
private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP2 =
IntObjectMaps.immutable.<String>empty()
.newWithKeyValue(1, "one")
.newWithKeyValue(2, "two");
}
注意:我是Eclipse Collections的提交者
下面是一个Java 8单行静态映射初始化器:
private static final Map<String, String> EXTENSION_TO_MIMETYPE =
Arrays.stream(new String[][] {
{ "txt", "text/plain" },
{ "html", "text/html" },
{ "js", "application/javascript" },
{ "css", "text/css" },
{ "xml", "application/xml" },
{ "png", "image/png" },
{ "gif", "image/gif" },
{ "jpg", "image/jpeg" },
{ "jpeg", "image/jpeg" },
{ "svg", "image/svg+xml" },
}).collect(Collectors.toMap(kv -> kv[0], kv -> kv[1]));
编辑:要初始化一个Map<Integer, String>，就像问题中那样，你需要这样的东西:
static final Map<Integer, String> MY_MAP = Arrays.stream(new Object[][]{
{1, "one"},
{2, "two"},
}).collect(Collectors.toMap(kv -> (Integer) kv[0], kv -> (String) kv[1]));
编辑(2):i_am_zero有一个更好的、支持混合类型的版本，它使用新的SimpleEntry<>(k, v)调用流。看看答案:https://stackoverflow.com/a/37384773/3950982
