如何在Java中初始化一个静态Map ?
方法一:静态初始化器 方法二:实例初始化器(匿名子类) 或 还有别的方法吗?
它们各自的优点和缺点是什么?
下面是一个例子来说明这两种方法:
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test {
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = new HashMap<>();
static {
myMap.put(1, "one");
myMap.put(2, "two");
}
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap2 = new HashMap<>(){
{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}
};
}
当前回答
使用Eclipse Collections，以下所有功能都可以工作:
import java.util.Map;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.ImmutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.MutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.Maps;
public class StaticMapsTest
{
private static final Map<Integer, String> MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> MUTABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> UNMODIFIABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asUnmodifiable();
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> SYNCHRONIZED_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asSynchronized();
private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").toImmutable();
private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP2 =
Maps.immutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
}
您还可以使用Eclipse Collections静态地初始化原始映射。
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.ImmutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.MutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.primitive.IntObjectMaps;
public class StaticPrimitiveMapsTest
{
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> MUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two");
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> UNMODIFIABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.asUnmodifiable();
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> SYNCHRONIZED_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.asSynchronized();
private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.toImmutable();
private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP2 =
IntObjectMaps.immutable.<String>empty()
.newWithKeyValue(1, "one")
.newWithKeyValue(2, "two");
}
注意:我是Eclipse Collections的提交者
其他回答
这一个使用Apache common -lang，它很可能已经在你的类路径上了:
Map<String, String> collect = Stream.of(
Pair.of("hello", "world"),
Pair.of("abc", "123"),
Pair.of("java", "eight")
).collect(Collectors.toMap(Pair::getKey, Pair::getValue));
也许它是有趣的检查谷歌集合，例如，他们在他们的网页上的视频。它们提供了各种初始化映射和集合的方法，也提供了不可变的集合。
更新:这个库现在被命名为Guava。
第二个方法的一个优点是，你可以用Collections.unmodifiableMap()来包装它，以确保以后不会更新集合:
private static final Map<Integer, String> CONSTANT_MAP =
Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<Integer, String>() {{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}});
// later on...
CONSTANT_MAP.put(3, "three"); // going to throw an exception!
如果你只需要向映射中添加一个值，你可以使用Collections.singletonMap:
Map<K, V> map = Collections.singletonMap(key, value)
public class Test {
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap;
static {
Map<Integer, String> aMap = ....;
aMap.put(1, "one");
aMap.put(2, "two");
myMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(aMap);
}
}
如果我们声明了多个常量，那么代码将以静态块形式编写，并且以后很难维护。所以最好使用匿名类。
public class Test {
public static final Map numbers = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap(2, 1.0f){
{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}
});
}
并且建议对常量使用unmodifiableMap，否则它不能被视为常量。
