总结一下：在Java中至少有五种拆分字符串的方法：

String.split（）：String[]parts=“10,20”.split（“，”）；Pattern.compile（regexp）.splitAsStream（输入）：List<String>strings=Pattern.compile（“\\|”）.splitAsStream（“010 | 020202”）.collector（Collectors.toList（））；StringTokenizer（遗留类）：StringTokenizer strings=新StringTokeniizer（“欢迎使用EXPLAINJAVA.COM！”，“.”）；while（strings.hasMoreTokens（））{String substring=strings.nexToken（）；System.out.println（子字符串）；}谷歌瓜瓦拆分器：Iterable<String>result=Splitter.on（“，”）.split（“1,2,3,4”）；Apache Commons StringUtils：String[]strings=StringUtils.split（“1,2,3,4”，“，”）；

因此，您可以根据需要选择最佳选项，例如返回类型（数组、列表或可迭代）。

这里是这些方法的大概述和最常见的示例（如何按点、斜线、问号等分割）

消耗最少资源的最快方式可能是：

String s = "abc-def";
int p = s.indexOf('-');
if (p >= 0) {
    String left = s.substring(0, p);
    String right = s.substring(p + 1);
} else {
  // s does not contain '-'
}

我查看了所有答案，发现所有答案都是第三方许可或基于正则表达式的。

下面是我使用的一个很好的哑实现：

/**
 * Separates a string into pieces using
 * case-sensitive-non-regex-char-separators.
 * <p>
 * &nbsp;&nbsp;<code>separate("12-34", '-') = "12", "34"</code><br>
 * &nbsp;&nbsp;<code>separate("a-b-", '-') = "a", "b", ""</code>
 * <p>
 * When the separator is the first character in the string, the first result is
 * an empty string. When the separator is the last character in the string the
 * last element will be an empty string. One separator after another in the
 * string will create an empty.
 * <p>
 * If no separators are set the source is returned.
 * <p>
 * This method is very fast, but it does not focus on memory-efficiency. The memory
 * consumption is approximately double the size of the string. This method is
 * thread-safe but not synchronized.
 *
 * @param source    The string to split, never <code>null</code>.
 * @param separator The character to use as splitting.
 * @return The mutable array of pieces.
 * @throws NullPointerException When the source or separators are <code>null</code>.
 */
public final static String[] separate(String source, char... separator) throws NullPointerException {
    String[] resultArray = {};
    boolean multiSeparators = separator.length > 1;
    if (!multiSeparators) {
        if (separator.length == 0) {
            return new String[] { source };
        }
    }
    int charIndex = source.length();
    int lastSeparator = source.length();
    while (charIndex-- > -1) {
        if (charIndex < 0 || (multiSeparators ? Arrays.binarySearch(separator, source.charAt(charIndex)) >= 0 : source.charAt(charIndex) == separator[0])) {
            String piece = source.substring(charIndex + 1, lastSeparator);
            lastSeparator = charIndex;
            String[] tmp = new String[resultArray.length + 1];
            System.arraycopy(resultArray, 0, tmp, 1, resultArray.length);
            tmp[0] = piece;
            resultArray = tmp;
        }
    }
    return resultArray;
}

使用流拆分并打印字符串

String input = "004-034556";
Stream<String> stream = Arrays.stream(input.split( "-" ));
stream.forEach(System.out::println);

如果要验证字母数字，请将正则表达式更改为[A-Za-z0-9]+-[A-Za-z 0-9]+

    public static final Pattern VALIDATE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("[0-9]+-[0-9]+");

public static String[] validateString(String str) {
    if(VALIDATE_PATTERN.matcher(str).find()) {
        String[] output = str.split("-");
        if(output.length != 2) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Invalid string format");
        }
        return output;
    } else {
        throw new RuntimeException("Invalid string format");
    }
}

有时，如果您想拆分包含+的字符串，那么它不会拆分；相反，您将得到一个运行时错误。在这种情况下，首先将+替换为_，然后拆分：

 this.text=text.replace("/", "_");
            String temp[]=text.split("_");