使用Java 8：

    List<String> stringList = Pattern.compile("-")
            .splitAsStream("004-034556")
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

    stringList.forEach(s -> System.out.println(s));

我只是想写一个算法，而不是使用Java内置函数：

public static List<String> split(String str, char c){
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){
        if(str.charAt(i) != c){
            sb.append(str.charAt(i));
        }
        else{
            if(sb.length() > 0){
                list.add(sb.toString());
                sb = new StringBuilder();
            }
        }
    }

    if(sb.length() >0){
        list.add(sb.toString());
    }
    return list;
}

消耗最少资源的最快方式可能是：

String s = "abc-def";
int p = s.indexOf('-');
if (p >= 0) {
    String left = s.substring(0, p);
    String right = s.substring(p + 1);
} else {
  // s does not contain '-'
}

无论是否有任何类型的分隔符，您都可以简单地使用StringTokenizer将字符串拆分为两个或多个部分：

StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("004-034556", "-");
while(st.hasMoreTokens())
{
    System.out.println(st.nextToken());
}

// This leaves the regexes issue out of question
// But we must remember that each character in the Delimiter String is treated
// like a single delimiter        

public static String[] SplitUsingTokenizer(String subject, String delimiters) {
   StringTokenizer strTkn = new StringTokenizer(subject, delimiters);
   ArrayList<String> arrLis = new ArrayList<String>(subject.length());

   while(strTkn.hasMoreTokens())
      arrLis.add(strTkn.nextToken());

   return arrLis.toArray(new String[0]);
}

查看javadoc上String类中的split（）方法。

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#split（java.lang.String）

String data = "004-034556-1212-232-232";
int cnt = 1;
for (String item : data.split("-")) {
        System.out.println("string "+cnt+" = "+item);
        cnt++;
}

这里有许多拆分字符串的示例，但我很少优化代码。