向异常添加信息?

我想达到这样的效果:

def foo():
   try:
       raise IOError('Stuff ')
   except:
       raise

def bar(arg1):
    try:
       foo()
    except Exception as e:
       e.message = e.message + 'happens at %s' % arg1
       raise

bar('arg1')

Traceback...
  IOError('Stuff Happens at arg1')

但我得到的是:

Traceback..
  IOError('Stuff')

关于如何实现这一点，有什么线索吗?如何在Python 2和3中都做到这一点?

当前回答

如果你来这里寻找Python 3的解决方案，手册上说:

当引发一个新的异常时(而不是使用一个简单的raise来重新引发当前正在处理的异常)，隐式异常上下文可以通过使用from和raise来补充显式原因:

raise new_exc from original_exc

例子:

try:
    return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes]
except TypeError as e:
    raise TypeError("Make sure your view's 'permission_classes' are iterable. "
                    "If you use '()' to generate a set with a single element "
                    "make sure that there is a comma behind the one (element,).") from e

最后是这样的:

2017-09-06 16:50:14,797 [ERROR] django.request: Internal Server Error: /v1/sendEmail/
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py", line 275, in get_permissions
    return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes]
TypeError: 'type' object is not iterable 

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
    # Traceback removed...
TypeError: Make sure your view's Permission_classes are iterable. If 
     you use parens () to generate a set with a single element make 
     sure that there is a (comma,) behind the one element.

将一个完全无描述的TypeError转换为一个带有解决方案提示的漂亮消息，而不会搞乱原始异常。

2017-09-07 08:06:06

其他回答

在PEP 678中，本机支持向异常添加注释:

try:
  raise TypeError('bad type')
except Exception as e:
  e.add_note('Add some information')
  raise

呈现为:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
TypeError: bad type
Add some information

我跳它可以取代史蒂夫霍华德的解决方案，不幸的是，它不给用户任何控制如何格式化最终的异常(例如，不能在异常之前添加一个注释，如:'错误在fn: {original_exc}')

如果想要对回溯进行更多控制，可以使用https://github.com/google/etils:

from etils import epy

with epy.maybe_reraise('Error in fn: '):
  fn()

Or:

try:
  fn()
except Exception as e:
  epy.reraise(e, suffix='. Did you mean y ?')

2022-03-24 15:38:27

也许

except Exception as e:
    raise IOError(e.message + 'happens at %s'%arg1)

2011-05-19 17:42:11

我在代码中使用:

try:
    a=1
    b=0
    c=a/b

except:
    raise Exception(f"can't divide {a} with {b}")

输出:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_11708/1469673756.py in <module>
      3     b=0
----> 4     c=a/b
      5 

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Exception                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_11708/1469673756.py in <module>
      5 
      6 except Exception:
----> 7     raise Exception(f"can't divide {a} with {b}")

Exception: can't divide 1 with 0

2022-08-09 16:46:07

您可以定义从另一个异常继承的自己的异常，并创建它自己的构造函数来设置值。

例如:

class MyError(Exception):
   def __init__(self, value):
     self.value = value
     Exception.__init__(self)

   def __str__(self):
     return repr(self.value)

2011-05-19 17:42:39