这适用于SQL 2000:

DECLARE @testTable TABLE 
( 
    VALUE   INT
)
--INSERT INTO @testTable -- Even Test
--SELECT 3 UNION ALL
--SELECT 5 UNION ALL
--SELECT 7 UNION ALL
--SELECT 12 UNION ALL
--SELECT 13 UNION ALL
--SELECT 14 UNION ALL
--SELECT 21 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 29 UNION ALL
--SELECT 40 UNION ALL
--SELECT 56

--
--INSERT INTO @testTable -- Odd Test
--SELECT 3 UNION ALL
--SELECT 5 UNION ALL
--SELECT 7 UNION ALL
--SELECT 12 UNION ALL
--SELECT 13 UNION ALL
--SELECT 14 UNION ALL
--SELECT 21 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 23 UNION ALL
--SELECT 29 UNION ALL
--SELECT 39 UNION ALL
--SELECT 40 UNION ALL
--SELECT 56


DECLARE @RowAsc TABLE
(
    ID      INT IDENTITY,
    Amount  INT
)

INSERT INTO @RowAsc
SELECT  VALUE 
FROM    @testTable 
ORDER BY VALUE ASC

SELECT  AVG(amount)
FROM @RowAsc ra
WHERE ra.id IN
(
    SELECT  ID 
    FROM    @RowAsc
    WHERE   ra.id -
    (
        SELECT  MAX(id) / 2.0 
        FROM    @RowAsc
    ) BETWEEN 0 AND 1

)

这是我能想到的最简单的答案。我的数据处理得很好。如果你想排除某些值，只需在内部select中添加where子句。

SELECT TOP 1 
    ValueField AS MedianValue
FROM
    (SELECT TOP(SELECT COUNT(1)/2 FROM tTABLE)
        ValueField
    FROM 
        tTABLE
    ORDER BY 
        ValueField) A
ORDER BY
    ValueField DESC

查看SQL中位数计算的其他解决方案: “用MySQL计算中位数的简单方法”(解决方案大多与供应商无关)。

在我的解决方案表中是一个只有分数列的学生表，我正在计算分数的中位数，这个解决方案是基于SQL server 2019的

with total_c as ( --Total_c CTE counts total number of rows in a table
    select count(*) as n from student
),
even as ( --Even CTE extract two middle rows if the number of rows are even
    select marks from student 
    order by marks 
    offset (select n from total_c)/2 -1 rows
    fetch next 2 rows only
),
odd as ( --Odd CTE extract middle row if the number of rows are odd
    select marks from student 
    order by marks 
    offset (select n + 1 from total_c)/2 -1 rows
    fetch next 1 rows only
    )
--Case statement helps to select odd or even CTE based on number of rows
select                                                        
case when n%2 = 0 then (select avg(cast(marks as float)) from even)
    else (select marks from odd)
end as med_marks
from total_c

虽然Justin grant的解决方案看起来很可靠，但我发现当您在给定的分区键中有许多重复值时，ASC重复值的行号最终会不按顺序排列，因此它们不能正确对齐。

以下是我的研究结果的一个片段:

KEY VALUE ROWA ROWD  

13  2     22   182
13  1     6    183
13  1     7    184
13  1     8    185
13  1     9    186
13  1     10   187
13  1     11   188
13  1     12   189
13  0     1    190
13  0     2    191
13  0     3    192
13  0     4    193
13  0     5    194

我使用Justin的代码作为这个解决方案的基础。尽管考虑到使用多个派生表效率不高，但它确实解决了我遇到的行排序问题。任何改进都会受到欢迎，因为我在T-SQL方面不是那么有经验。

SELECT PKEY, cast(AVG(VALUE)as decimal(5,2)) as MEDIANVALUE
FROM
(
  SELECT PKEY,VALUE,ROWA,ROWD,
  'FLAG' = (CASE WHEN ROWA IN (ROWD,ROWD-1,ROWD+1) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
  FROM
  (
    SELECT
    PKEY,
    cast(VALUE as decimal(5,2)) as VALUE,
    ROWA,
    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY PKEY ORDER BY ROWA DESC) as ROWD 

    FROM
    (
      SELECT
      PKEY, 
      VALUE,
      ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY PKEY ORDER BY VALUE ASC,PKEY ASC ) as ROWA 
      FROM [MTEST]
    )T1
  )T2
)T3
WHERE FLAG = '1'
GROUP BY PKEY
ORDER BY PKEY

下面的查询从一列中的值列表返回中位数。它不能作为聚合函数使用，也不能与聚合函数一起使用，但仍然可以在内部select中使用带有WHERE子句的子查询。

SQL Server 2005+:

SELECT TOP 1 value from
(
    SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT value 
    FROM table_name 
    ORDER BY  value
)for_median
ORDER BY value DESC