packages_installed <- function(pkg_list){
        pkgs <- unlist(pkg_list)
        req <- unlist(lapply(pkgs, require, character.only = TRUE))
        not_installed <- pkgs[req == FALSE]
        lapply(not_installed, install.packages, 
               repos = "http://cran.r-project.org")# add lib.loc if needed
        lapply(pkgs, library, character.only = TRUE)
}

  packages_installed <- function(pkg_list){
        pkgs <- unlist(pkg_list)
        req <- unlist(lapply(pkgs, require, character.only = TRUE))
        not_installed <- pkgs[req == FALSE]
        lapply(not_installed, install.packages, 
               repos = "http://cran.r-project.org")# add lib.loc if needed
        lapply(pkgs, library, character.only = TRUE)
}

您可以简单地使用setdiff函数获取未安装的包，然后安装它们。在下面的示例中，我们在安装ggplot2和Rcpp包之前检查它们是否已经安装。

unavailable <- setdiff(c("ggplot2", "Rcpp"), rownames(installed.packages()))
install.packages(unavailable)

在一行中，上面的内容可以写成:

install.packages(setdiff(c("ggplot2", "Rcpp"), rownames(installed.packages())))

让我分享一点疯狂:

c("ggplot2","ggsci", "hrbrthemes", "gghighlight", "dplyr") %>%  # What will you need to load for this script?
  (function (x) ifelse(t =!(x %in% installed.packages()), 
    install.packages(x[t]),
    lapply(x, require))) 

当前版本的RStudio(>=1.2)包含了一个功能，可以检测library()和require()调用中缺失的包，并提示用户安装它们:

检测丢失的R包 许多R脚本打开时调用library()和require()来加载执行所需的包。如果您打开一个R脚本，该脚本引用了您没有安装的包，RStudio现在将提供一次单击即可安装所有所需的包。不再重复输入install.packages()，直到错误消失! https://blog.rstudio.com/2018/11/19/rstudio-1-2-preview-the-little-things/

这似乎很好地解决了OP最初的问题:

他们中的许多人是新手/中级R用户，并没有意识到他们必须安装他们还没有的包。

虽然Shane的回答很好，但对于我的一个项目，我需要自动删除输出消息、警告和安装包。我终于设法得到这个脚本:

InstalledPackage <- function(package) 
{
    available <- suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(sapply(package, require, quietly = TRUE, character.only = TRUE, warn.conflicts = FALSE)))
    missing <- package[!available]
    if (length(missing) > 0) return(FALSE)
    return(TRUE)
}

CRANChoosen <- function()
{
    return(getOption("repos")["CRAN"] != "@CRAN@")
}

UsePackage <- function(package, defaultCRANmirror = "http://cran.at.r-project.org") 
{
    if(!InstalledPackage(package))
    {
        if(!CRANChoosen())
        {       
            chooseCRANmirror()
            if(!CRANChoosen())
            {
                options(repos = c(CRAN = defaultCRANmirror))
            }
        }

        suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(install.packages(package)))
        if(!InstalledPackage(package)) return(FALSE)
    }
    return(TRUE)
}

Use:

libraries <- c("ReadImages", "ggplot2")
for(library in libraries) 
{ 
    if(!UsePackage(library))
    {
        stop("Error!", library)
    }
}