我已经尝试了python 3.7.3，你可以使用globals()或vars()

>>> food #Error
>>> milkshake #Error
>>> food="bread"
>>> drink="milkshake"
>>> globals()[food] = "strawberry flavor"
>>> vars()[drink] = "chocolate flavor"
>>> bread
'strawberry flavor'
>>> milkshake
'chocolate flavor'
>>> globals()[drink]
'chocolate flavor'
>>> vars()[food]
'strawberry flavor'

参考: https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/111526/setting-a-string-as-a-variable-name#post548936

大家的共识是使用字典来进行查询-请参阅其他答案。在大多数情况下，这是一个好主意，然而，这产生了许多方面:

您将自己负责这个字典，包括垃圾收集(indict变量)等。 变量变量没有局部性或全局性，这取决于字典的全局性 如果要重命名变量名，则必须手动执行 然而，你要灵活得多，例如: 您可以决定覆盖现有变量或… ．.． 选择实现const变量 针对不同类型的重写引发异常 等。

也就是说，我已经实现了一个变量变量管理器类，它提供了上面的一些想法。它适用于python 2和3。

你可以这样使用这个类:

from variableVariablesManager import VariableVariablesManager

myVars = VariableVariablesManager()
myVars['test'] = 25
print(myVars['test'])

# define a const variable
myVars.defineConstVariable('myconst', 13)
try:
    myVars['myconst'] = 14 # <- this raises an error, since 'myconst' must not be changed
    print("not allowed")
except AttributeError as e:
    pass

# rename a variable
myVars.renameVariable('myconst', 'myconstOther')

# preserve locality
def testLocalVar():
    myVars = VariableVariablesManager()
    myVars['test'] = 13
    print("inside function myVars['test']:", myVars['test'])
testLocalVar()
print("outside function myVars['test']:", myVars['test'])

# define a global variable
myVars.defineGlobalVariable('globalVar', 12)
def testGlobalVar():
    myVars = VariableVariablesManager()
    print("inside function myVars['globalVar']:", myVars['globalVar'])
    myVars['globalVar'] = 13
    print("inside function myVars['globalVar'] (having been changed):", myVars['globalVar'])
testGlobalVar()
print("outside function myVars['globalVar']:", myVars['globalVar'])

如果你希望只允许覆盖相同类型的变量:

myVars = VariableVariablesManager(enforceSameTypeOnOverride = True)
myVars['test'] = 25
myVars['test'] = "Cat" # <- raises Exception (different type on overwriting)

我已经尝试了python 3.7.3，你可以使用globals()或vars()

>>> food #Error
>>> milkshake #Error
>>> food="bread"
>>> drink="milkshake"
>>> globals()[food] = "strawberry flavor"
>>> vars()[drink] = "chocolate flavor"
>>> bread
'strawberry flavor'
>>> milkshake
'chocolate flavor'
>>> globals()[drink]
'chocolate flavor'
>>> vars()[food]
'strawberry flavor'

参考: https://www.daniweb.com/programming/software-development/threads/111526/setting-a-string-as-a-variable-name#post548936

如果你不想使用任何对象，你仍然可以在当前模块中使用setattr():

import sys
current_module = module = sys.modules[__name__]  # i.e the "file" where your code is written
setattr(current_module, 'variable_name', 15)  # 15 is the value you assign to the var
print(variable_name)  # >>> 15, created from a string

你必须使用globals()内置方法来实现这种行为:

def var_of_var(k, v):
    globals()[k] = v

print variable_name # NameError: name 'variable_name' is not defined
some_name = 'variable_name'
globals()[some_name] = 123
print(variable_name) # 123

some_name = 'variable_name2'
var_of_var(some_name, 456)
print(variable_name2) # 456

任何一组变量也可以包装在一个类中。 “变量”变量可以在运行时通过__dict__属性直接访问内置字典添加到类实例中。

下面的代码定义了Variables类，它在构造过程中将变量(在本例中是属性)添加到其实例中。变量名取自指定的列表(例如，可以由程序代码生成):

# some list of variable names
L = ['a', 'b', 'c']

class Variables:
    def __init__(self, L):
        for item in L:
            self.__dict__[item] = 100

v = Variables(L)
print(v.a, v.b, v.c)
#will produce 100 100 100