我有一个包含对象和数组的嵌套数据结构。我如何提取信息,即访问一个特定的或多个值(或键)?

例如:

var data = {
    code: 42,
    items: [{
        id: 1,
        name: 'foo'
    }, {
        id: 2,
        name: 'bar'
    }]
};

我如何访问项目中的第二个项目的名称?


当前回答

如果您试图在JSON字符串中查找路径,可以将数据转储到https://jsonpathfinder.com并单击GUI元素。它将生成元素路径的JS语法。

除此之外,对于您可能想要迭代的任何数组,用循环替换相关的数组偏移下标,如[0]。

这里有一个简单版本的工具,你可以在这里或在https://ggorlen.github.io/json-dive/上运行。单击要将路径复制到剪贴板的节点。

/* code minified to make the tool easier to run without having to scroll */ let bracketsOnly=!1,lastHighlighted={style:{}};const keyToStr=t=>!bracketsOnly&&/^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z$_\d]*$/.test(t)?`.${toHTML(t)}`:`[&quot;${toHTML(t)}&quot;]`,pathToData=t=>`data-path="data${t.join("")}"`,htmlSpecialChars={"&":"&amp;","<":"&lt;",">":"&gt;",'"':"&quot;","'":"&#039;","\t":"\\t","\r":"\\r","\n":"\\n"," ":"&nbsp;"},toHTML=t=>(""+t).replace(/[&<>"'\t\r\n ]/g,t=>htmlSpecialChars[t]),makeArray=(t,e)=>`\n [<ul ${pathToData(e)}>\n ${t.map((t,a)=>{e.push(`[${a}]`);const n=`<li ${pathToData(e)}>\n ${pathify(t,e).trim()},\n </li>`;return e.pop(),n}).join("")}\n </ul>]\n`,makeObj=(t,e)=>`\n {<ul ${pathToData(e)}>\n ${Object.entries(t).map(([t,a])=>{e.push(keyToStr(t));const n=`<li ${pathToData(e)}>\n "${toHTML(t)}": ${pathify(a,e).trim()},\n </li>`;return e.pop(),n}).join("")}\n </ul>}\n`,pathify=(t,e=[])=>Array.isArray(t)?makeArray(t,e):"object"==typeof t&&t!=null?makeObj(t,e):toHTML("string"==typeof t?`"${t}"`:t),defaultJSON='{\n "corge": "test JSON... \\n asdf\\t asdf",\n "foo-bar": [\n {"id": 42},\n [42, {"foo": {"baz": {"ba r<>!\\t": true, "4quux": "garply"}}}]\n ]\n}',$=document.querySelector.bind(document),$$=document.querySelectorAll.bind(document),resultEl=$("#result"),pathEl=$("#path"),tryToJSON=t=>{try{resultEl.innerHTML=pathify(JSON.parse(t)),$("#error").innerText=""}catch(t){resultEl.innerHTML="",$("#error").innerText=t}},copyToClipboard=t=>{const e=document.createElement("textarea");e.textContent=t,document.body.appendChild(e),e.select(),document.execCommand("copy"),document.body.removeChild(e)},flashAlert=(t,e=2e3)=>{const a=document.createElement("div");a.textContent=t,a.classList.add("alert"),document.body.appendChild(a),setTimeout(()=>a.remove(),e)},handleClick=t=>{t.stopPropagation(),copyToClipboard(t.target.dataset.path),flashAlert("copied!"),$("#path-out").textContent=t.target.dataset.path},handleMouseOut=t=>{lastHighlighted.style.background="transparent",pathEl.style.display="none"},handleMouseOver=t=>{pathEl.textContent=t.target.dataset.path,pathEl.style.left=`${t.pageX+30}px`,pathEl.style.top=`${t.pageY}px`,pathEl.style.display="block",lastHighlighted.style.background="transparent",(lastHighlighted=t.target.closest("li")).style.background="#0ff"},handleNewJSON=t=>{tryToJSON(t.target.value),[...$$("#result *")].forEach(t=>{t.addEventListener("click",handleClick),t.addEventListener("mouseout",handleMouseOut),t.addEventListener("mouseover",handleMouseOver)})};$("textarea").addEventListener("change",handleNewJSON),$("textarea").addEventListener("keyup",handleNewJSON),$("textarea").value=defaultJSON,$("#brackets").addEventListener("change",t=>{bracketsOnly=!bracketsOnly,handleNewJSON({target:{value:$("textarea").value}})}),handleNewJSON({target:{value:defaultJSON}}); /**/ *{box-sizing:border-box;font-family:monospace;margin:0;padding:0}html{height:100%}#path-out{background-color:#0f0;padding:.3em}body{margin:0;height:100%;position:relative;background:#f8f8f8}textarea{width:100%;height:110px;resize:vertical}#opts{background:#e8e8e8;padding:.3em}#opts label{padding:.3em}#path{background:#000;transition:all 50ms;color:#fff;padding:.2em;position:absolute;display:none}#error{margin:.5em;color:red}#result ul{list-style:none}#result li{cursor:pointer;border-left:1em solid transparent}#result li:hover{border-color:#ff0}.alert{background:#f0f;padding:.2em;position:fixed;bottom:10px;right:10px} <!-- --> <div class="wrapper"><textarea></textarea><div id="opts"><label>brackets only: <input id="brackets"type="checkbox"></label></div><div id="path-out">click a node to copy path to clipboard</div><div id="path"></div><div id="result"></div><div id="error"></div></div>

Unminified(也可以在GitHub上找到):

let bracketsOnly = false; let lastHighlighted = {style: {}}; const keyToStr = k => !bracketsOnly && /^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z$_\d]*$/.test(k) ? `.${toHTML(k)}` : `[&quot;${toHTML(k)}&quot;]` ; const pathToData = p => `data-path="data${p.join("")}"`; const htmlSpecialChars = { "&": "&amp;", "<": "&lt;", ">": "&gt;", '"': "&quot;", "'": "&#039;", "\t": "\\t", "\r": "\\r", "\n": "\\n", " ": "&nbsp;", }; const toHTML = x => ("" + x) .replace(/[&<>"'\t\r\n ]/g, m => htmlSpecialChars[m]) ; const makeArray = (x, path) => ` [<ul ${pathToData(path)}> ${x.map((e, i) => { path.push(`[${i}]`); const html = `<li ${pathToData(path)}> ${pathify(e, path).trim()}, </li>`; path.pop(); return html; }).join("")} </ul>] `; const makeObj = (x, path) => ` {<ul ${pathToData(path)}> ${Object.entries(x).map(([k, v]) => { path.push(keyToStr(k)); const html = `<li ${pathToData(path)}> "${toHTML(k)}": ${pathify(v, path).trim()}, </li>`; path.pop(); return html; }).join("")} </ul>} `; const pathify = (x, path=[]) => { if (Array.isArray(x)) { return makeArray(x, path); } else if (typeof x === "object" && x !== null) { return makeObj(x, path); } return toHTML(typeof x === "string" ? `"${x}"` : x); }; const defaultJSON = `{ "corge": "test JSON... \\n asdf\\t asdf", "foo-bar": [ {"id": 42}, [42, {"foo": {"baz": {"ba r<>!\\t": true, "4quux": "garply"}}}] ] }`; const $ = document.querySelector.bind(document); const $$ = document.querySelectorAll.bind(document); const resultEl = $("#result"); const pathEl = $("#path"); const tryToJSON = v => { try { resultEl.innerHTML = pathify(JSON.parse(v)); $("#error").innerText = ""; } catch (err) { resultEl.innerHTML = ""; $("#error").innerText = err; } }; const copyToClipboard = text => { const ta = document.createElement("textarea"); ta.textContent = text; document.body.appendChild(ta); ta.select(); document.execCommand("copy"); document.body.removeChild(ta); }; const flashAlert = (text, timeoutMS=2000) => { const alert = document.createElement("div"); alert.textContent = text; alert.classList.add("alert"); document.body.appendChild(alert); setTimeout(() => alert.remove(), timeoutMS); }; const handleClick = e => { e.stopPropagation(); copyToClipboard(e.target.dataset.path); flashAlert("copied!"); $("#path-out").textContent = e.target.dataset.path; }; const handleMouseOut = e => { lastHighlighted.style.background = "transparent"; pathEl.style.display = "none"; }; const handleMouseOver = e => { pathEl.textContent = e.target.dataset.path; pathEl.style.left = `${e.pageX + 30}px`; pathEl.style.top = `${e.pageY}px`; pathEl.style.display = "block"; lastHighlighted.style.background = "transparent"; lastHighlighted = e.target.closest("li"); lastHighlighted.style.background = "#0ff"; }; const handleNewJSON = e => { tryToJSON(e.target.value); [...$$("#result *")].forEach(e => { e.addEventListener("click", handleClick); e.addEventListener("mouseout", handleMouseOut); e.addEventListener("mouseover", handleMouseOver); }); }; $("textarea").addEventListener("change", handleNewJSON); $("textarea").addEventListener("keyup", handleNewJSON); $("textarea").value = defaultJSON; $("#brackets").addEventListener("change", e => { bracketsOnly = !bracketsOnly; handleNewJSON({target: {value: $("textarea").value}}); }); handleNewJSON({target: {value: defaultJSON}}); * { box-sizing: border-box; font-family: monospace; margin: 0; padding: 0; } html { height: 100%; } #path-out { background-color: #0f0; padding: 0.3em; } body { margin: 0; height: 100%; position: relative; background: #f8f8f8; } textarea { width: 100%; height: 110px; resize: vertical; } #opts { background: #e8e8e8; padding: 0.3em; } #opts label { padding: 0.3em; } #path { background: black; transition: all 0.05s; color: white; padding: 0.2em; position: absolute; display: none; } #error { margin: 0.5em; color: red; } #result ul { list-style: none; } #result li { cursor: pointer; border-left: 1em solid transparent; } #result li:hover { border-color: #ff0; } .alert { background: #f0f; padding: 0.2em; position: fixed; bottom: 10px; right: 10px; } <div class="wrapper"> <textarea></textarea> <div id="opts"> <label> brackets only: <input id="brackets" type="checkbox"> </label> </div> <div id="path-out">click a node to copy path to clipboard</div> <div id="path"></div> <div id="result"></div> <div id="error"></div> </div>

这并不是为了代替学习如何钓鱼,但一旦你知道了,可以节省时间。

其他回答

我不认为提问只关心一个层次的嵌套对象,所以我提出下面的演示来演示如何访问深嵌套json对象的节点。好的,让我们找到id为5的节点。

var data = { code: 42, items: [{ id: 1, name: 'aaa', items: [{ id: 3, name: 'ccc' }, { id: 4, name: 'ddd' }] }, { id: 2, name: 'bbb', items: [{ id: 5, name: 'eee' }, { id: 6, name: 'fff' }] }] }; var jsonloop = new JSONLoop(data, 'id', 'items'); jsonloop.findNodeById(data, 5, function(err, node) { if (err) { document.write(err); } else { document.write(JSON.stringify(node, null, 2)); } }); <script src="https://rawgit.com/dabeng/JSON-Loop/master/JSONLoop.js"></script>

// const path = 'info.value[0].item'
// const obj = { info: { value: [ { item: 'it works!' } ], randominfo: 3 }  }
// getValue(path, obj)

export const getValue = ( path , obj) => {
  const newPath = path.replace(/\]/g, "")
  const arrayPath = newPath.split(/[\[\.]+/) || newPath;

  const final = arrayPath.reduce( (obj, k) => obj ?  obj[k] : obj, obj)
  return final;
}
var ourStorage = {


"desk":    {
    "drawer": "stapler"
  },
"cabinet": {
    "top drawer": { 
      "folder1": "a file",
      "folder2": "secrets"
    },
    "bottom drawer": "soda"
  }
};
ourStorage.cabinet["top drawer"].folder2; // Outputs -> "secrets"

or

//parent.subParent.subsubParent["almost there"]["final property"]

基本上,在它下面展开的每个后代之间使用一个点,当你有由两个字符串组成的对象名称时,你必须使用["obj Name"]符号。否则,只要一个点就足够了;

来源:https://learn.freecodecamp.org/javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/basic-javascript/accessing-nested-objects

在此基础上,访问嵌套数组将如下所示:

var ourPets = [
  {
    animalType: "cat",
    names: [
      "Meowzer",
      "Fluffy",
      "Kit-Cat"
    ]
  },
  {
    animalType: "dog",
    names: [
      "Spot",
      "Bowser",
      "Frankie"
    ]
  }
];
ourPets[0].names[1]; // Outputs "Fluffy"
ourPets[1].names[0]; // Outputs "Spot"

来源:https://learn.freecodecamp.org/javascript-algorithms-and-data-structures/basic-javascript/accessing-nested-arrays/

另一份描述上述情况的更有用的文件: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics#Bracket_notation

通过点走访问属性:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_Accessors#Dot_notation

我的stringdata来自PHP文件,但仍然,我在var中表示这里。当我直接把我的json放入obj时,它不会显示什么,这就是为什么我把我的json文件作为

var obj = JSON.parse (stringdata); 所以之后,我得到消息obj,并显示在警告框,然后我得到数据,这是json数组和存储在一个变量ArrObj,然后我读取该数组的第一个对象的键值像这个ArrObj[0].id

     var stringdata={
        "success": true,
        "message": "working",
        "data": [{
                  "id": 1,
                  "name": "foo"
         }]
      };

                var obj=JSON.parse(stringdata);
                var key = "message";
                alert(obj[key]);
                var keyobj = "data";
                var ArrObj =obj[keyobj];

                alert(ArrObj[0].id);

动态访问多级对象。

var obj = {
  name: "john doe",
  subobj: {
    subsubobj: {
      names: "I am sub sub obj"
    }
  }
};

var level = "subobj.subsubobj.names";
level = level.split(".");

var currentObjState = obj;

for (var i = 0; i < level.length; i++) {
  currentObjState = currentObjState[level[i]];
}

console.log(currentObjState);

工作提琴:https://jsfiddle.net/andreitodorut/3mws3kjL/