这只是一个概念，另一个层次的抽象，让你的生活更容易。它们都有共同的接口，这意味着你可以以类似管道的方式组合它们。例如，编码到base64，然后压缩，然后将其写入磁盘，所有这些都在一行中!

之所以选择“流”这个词，是因为它(在现实生活中)与我们使用它时想要传达的意思非常相似。

Start thinking about the analogy to a water stream. You receive a continuous flow of data, just like water continuously flows in a river. You don't necessarily know where the data is coming from, and most often you don't need to; be it from a file, a socket, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. This is very similar to receiving a stream of water, whereby you don't need to know where it is coming from; be it from a lake, a fountain, or any other source, it doesn't (shouldn't) really matter. source

我所见过的关于流的最好解释是SICP的第3章。(你可能需要阅读前两章才能理解，但无论如何你都应该这样做。: -)

它们对字节根本不使用sterams，而是整数。我从中得到的要点是:

流是延迟列表 在某些情况下，急于提前计算所有内容的计算开销是惊人的 我们可以用流来表示无限长的序列

我使用的可视化是传送带，不是在真实的工厂里，因为我对此一无所知，而是在卡通工厂里，物品沿着线移动，被盖章、装箱、计数和检查，由一系列愚蠢的设备完成。

你有做一件事的简单组件，例如一个把樱桃放在蛋糕上的设备。这个设备有一个无樱桃蛋糕的输入流，和一个有樱桃蛋糕的输出流。用这种方式组织处理有三个优点值得一提。

首先，它简化了组件本身:如果你想把巧克力糖衣放在蛋糕上，你不需要一个复杂的设备，知道蛋糕的一切，你可以创造一个愚蠢的设备，把巧克力糖衣粘在任何东西上(在漫画中，这甚至不知道下一个东西不是蛋糕，而是怀尔E.大狼)。

其次，你可以通过将这些设备按不同的顺序排列来创造不同的产品:也许你想让你的蛋糕在樱桃上放糖衣，而不是樱桃在糖衣上，你可以简单地通过在生产线上交换设备来做到这一点。

Thirdly, the devices don't need to manage inventory, boxing, or unboxing. The most efficient way of aggregating and packaging things is changeable: maybe today you're putting your cakes into boxes of 48 and sending them out by the truckload, but tomorrow you want to send out boxes of six in response to custom orders. This kind of change can be accommodated by replacing or reconfiguring the machines at the start and end of the production line; the cherry machine in the middle of the line doesn't have to be changed to process a different number of items at a time, it always works with one item at a time and it doesn't have to know how its input or output is being grouped.

流是字节序列的抽象。其思想是，您不需要知道字节来自何处，只需以标准化的方式读取它们。

例如，如果你通过流处理数据，那么数据来自文件、网络连接、字符串、数据库中的blob等等，对你的代码来说都无关紧要。

与备份存储本身交互本身并没有什么问题，除了它将您绑定到备份存储实现。

我认为您需要考虑后备存储本身通常只是另一种抽象。内存流很容易理解，但是文件完全不同，这取决于您使用的文件系统，而不考虑您使用的是什么硬盘驱动器。事实上，并不是所有的流都位于备份存储的顶部:网络流基本上就是流。

流的意义在于我们将注意力限制在重要的事情上。通过标准抽象，我们可以执行公共操作。例如，即使您今天不想在文件或HTTP响应中搜索url，也不意味着您明天就不想这样做了。

Streams were originally conceived when memory was tiny compared to storage. Just reading a C file could be a significant load. Minimizing the memory footprint was extremely important. Hence, an abstraction in which very little needed to be loaded was very useful. Today, it is equally useful when performing network communication and, it turns out, rarely that restrictive when we deal with files. The ability to transparently add things like buffering in a general fashion makes it even more useful.