如果你曾经支持过，比如说，麦克 OS X没有/proc/ 你会这么做吗?使用#ifdefs来 隔离特定于平台的代码 (例如NSBundle)?

是的，使用#ifdefs隔离特定于平台的代码是实现这一点的常规方法。

另一种方法是有一个干净的#ifdef-less头，其中包含函数声明，并将实现放在特定于平台的源文件中。

例如，查看POCO(可移植组件)c++库如何为它们的Environment类做类似的事情。

根据QNX Neutrino版本的不同，有不同的方法来查找用于启动运行进程的可执行文件的完整路径和名称。我将进程标识符表示为<PID>。试试下面的方法:

If the file /proc/self/exefile exists, then its contents are the requested information. If the file /proc/<PID>/exefile exists, then its contents are the requested information. If the file /proc/self/as exists, then: open() the file. Allocate a buffer of, at least, sizeof(procfs_debuginfo) + _POSIX_PATH_MAX. Give that buffer as input to devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_MAPDEBUG_BASE,.... Cast the buffer to a procfs_debuginfo*. The requested information is at the path field of the procfs_debuginfo structure. Warning: For some reason, sometimes, QNX omits the first slash / of the file path. Prepend that / when needed. Clean up (close the file, free the buffer, etc.). Try the procedure in 3. with the file /proc/<PID>/as. Try dladdr(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "main"), &dlinfo) where dlinfo is a Dl_info structure whose dli_fname might contain the requested information.

我希望这能有所帮助。

依我看，没有这种办法。还有一个不明确的地方:如果同一个可执行文件有多个硬链接指向它，您希望得到什么作为答案?(硬链接实际上并不“指向”，它们是同一个文件，只是位于文件系统层次结构中的另一个位置。)

一旦execve()成功执行了一个新的二进制文件，所有关于原始程序参数的信息都将丢失。

在Linux上使用/proc/self/exe或argv[0]的另一种选择是使用ELF解释器传递的信息，由glibc提供:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/auxv.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    printf("%s\n", (char *)getauxval(AT_EXECFN));
    return(0);
}

请注意，getauxval是一个glibc扩展，为了健壮起见，您应该检查它是否返回NULL(表明ELF解释器没有提供AT_EXECFN参数)，但我认为这在Linux上实际上从来都不是问题。

这只是我的个人意见。通过使用这段代码，您可以在具有跨平台接口的C/ c++中找到当前应用程序的目录。

void getExecutablePath(char ** path, unsigned int * pathLength)
{
    // Early exit when invalid out-parameters are passed
    if (!checkStringOutParameter(path, pathLength))
    {
        return;
    }

#if defined SYSTEM_LINUX

    // Preallocate PATH_MAX (e.g., 4096) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[PATH_MAX];

    // Return written bytes, indicating if memory was sufficient
    int len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", exePath, PATH_MAX);

    if (len <= 0 || len == PATH_MAX) // memory not sufficient or general error occured
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#elif defined SYSTEM_WINDOWS

    // Preallocate MAX_PATH (e.g., 4095) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[MAX_PATH];

    // Return written bytes, indicating if memory was sufficient
    unsigned int len = GetModuleFileNameA(GetModuleHandleA(0x0), exePath, MAX_PATH);
    if (len == 0) // memory not sufficient or general error occured
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#elif defined SYSTEM_SOLARIS

    // Preallocate PATH_MAX (e.g., 4096) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[PATH_MAX];

    // Convert executable path to canonical path, return null pointer on error
    if (realpath(getexecname(), exePath) == 0x0)
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    unsigned int len = strlen(exePath);
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#elif defined SYSTEM_DARWIN

    // Preallocate PATH_MAX (e.g., 4096) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[PATH_MAX];

    unsigned int len = (unsigned int)PATH_MAX;

    // Obtain executable path to canonical path, return zero on success
    if (_NSGetExecutablePath(exePath, &len) == 0)
    {
        // Convert executable path to canonical path, return null pointer on error
        char * realPath = realpath(exePath, 0x0);

        if (realPath == 0x0)
        {
            invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
            return;
        }

        // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
        unsigned int len = strlen(realPath);
        copyToStringOutParameter(realPath, len, path, pathLength);

        free(realPath);
    }
    else // len is initialized with the required number of bytes (including zero byte)
    {
        char * intermediatePath = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * len);

        // Convert executable path to canonical path, return null pointer on error
        if (_NSGetExecutablePath(intermediatePath, &len) != 0)
        {
            free(intermediatePath);
            invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
            return;
        }

        char * realPath = realpath(intermediatePath, 0x0);

        free(intermediatePath);

        // Check if conversion to canonical path succeeded
        if (realPath == 0x0)
        {
            invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
            return;
        }

        // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
        unsigned int len = strlen(realPath);
        copyToStringOutParameter(realPath, len, path, pathLength);

        free(realPath);
    }

#elif defined SYSTEM_FREEBSD

    // Preallocate characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[2048];

    unsigned int len = 2048;

    int mib[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1 };

    // Obtain executable path by syscall
    if (sysctl(mib, 4, exePath, &len, 0x0, 0) != 0)
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#else

    // If no OS could be detected ... degrade gracefully
    invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);

#endif
}

你可以在这里详细看看。

但是我想知道是否有一种方便的方法来找到当前应用程序的目录在C/ c++与跨平台接口。

你不能这样做(至少在Linux上)

因为一个可执行文件可以，在运行它的进程执行期间，重命名(2)它的文件路径到不同的目录(同一文件系统)。请参见syscalls(2)和inode(7)。

在Linux上，一个可执行文件(原则上)甚至可以通过调用unlink(2)来删除(3)本身。Linux内核应该继续分配该文件，直到没有进程再引用它为止。使用proc(5)，你可以做一些奇怪的事情(例如重命名(2)/proc/self/exe文件，等等…)

换句话说，在Linux上，“当前应用程序的目录”的概念没有任何意义。

请参阅高级Linux编程和操作系统:三个简单的部分。

还可以在OSDEV上查看一些开源操作系统(包括FreeBSD或GNU Hurd)。其中一些提供了接近POSIX的接口(API)。

考虑使用(在获得许可的情况下)跨平台c++框架，如Qt或POCO，也许可以通过将它们移植到您喜欢的操作系统来对它们做出贡献。