在我的一次采访中，我被要求解释接口类和抽象类之间的区别。
以下是我的回答:
Methods of a Java interface are implicitly abstract
and cannot have implementations. A Java abstract class can have
instance methods that implements a default behaviour.
Variables declared in a Java interface are by default final. An
abstract class may contain non-final variables.
Members of a Java interface are public by default. A Java abstract
class can have the usual flavours of class members like private,
protected, etc.
A Java interface should be implemented using keyword “implements”; A
Java abstract class should be extended using keyword “extends”.
An interface can extend another Java interface only, an abstract class
can extend another Java class and implement multiple Java interfaces.
A Java class can implement multiple interfaces but it can extend only
one abstract class.
然而，面试官并不满意，他告诉我这种描述代表了“书本知识”。
他让我给出一个更实际的回答，用实际的例子解释我什么时候会选择抽象类而不是接口。
我哪里错了?
嗯，现在人们渴望实用的方法，你说得很对，但大多数面试官看起来是按照他们目前的要求，想要一个实用的方法。
回答完你的问题后，你应该跳到例子上:
文摘:
例如，我们有一个工资函数，它有一些对所有员工共同的参数。然后我们可以有一个叫做CTC的抽象类，它带有部分定义的方法体，它将被所有类型的员工扩展，并根据他们的额外工资得到补偿。
对于公共功能。
public abstract class CTC {
public int salary(int hra, int da, int extra)
{
int total;
total = hra+da+extra;
//incentive for specific performing employee
//total = hra+da+extra+incentive;
return total;
}
}
class Manger extends CTC
{
}
class CEO extends CTC
{
}
class Developer extends CTC
{
}
接口
Java中的接口允许在不扩展接口功能的情况下拥有接口功能，你必须清楚你想在应用程序中引入的功能签名的实现。它会迫使你做出定义。
不同的功能。
public interface EmployeType {
public String typeOfEmployee();
}
class ContarctOne implements EmployeType
{
@Override
public String typeOfEmployee() {
return "contract";
}
}
class PermanentOne implements EmployeType
{
@Override
public String typeOfEmployee() {
return "permanent";
}
}
通过将methgos定义为抽象类，你也可以对抽象类进行这样的强制活动，现在一个扩展抽象类的类仍然是抽象类，直到它覆盖抽象函数。
是的，从技术上讲，你的回答是正确的，但你的错误之处在于，你没有向他们表明你理解选择其中一个的利弊。此外，他们可能担心将来升级时代码库的兼容性问题。这种类型的回答可能有帮助(除了你说的):
"Choosing an Abstract Class over an Interface Class depends on what we
project the future of the code will be.
Abstract classes allow better forward-compatibility because you can
continue adding behavior to an Abstract Class well into the future
without breaking your existing code --> this is not possible with an
Interface Class.
On the other hand, Interface Classes are more flexible than Abstract
Classes. This is because they can implement multiple interfaces. The
thing is Java does not have multiple inheritances so using abstract
classes won't let you use any other class hierarchy structure...
So, in the end a good general rule of thumb is: Prefer using Interface
Classes when there are no existing/default implementations in your
codebase. And, use Abstract Classes to preserve compatibility if you
know you will be updating your class in the future."
祝你下次面试好运!
