我建议同时添加开发和生产网络配置：

添加res/xml/network_security_config_dev.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
    <domain includeSubdomains="true">10.0.2.2</domain>
 </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

地址/xml/network_security_config_prod.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
  <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="false">
    <domain includeSubdomains="true">yourdomain.com</domain>
  </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

在Gradle Scripts（在android studio中）下，找到build.Gradle（android.app）并查找buildTypes:release和debug（如果不存在则创建）：

buildTypes {

release {
    minifyEnabled false
    manifestPlaceholders.securityConfig = "@xml/network_security_config_prod"
 }

 debug {
    manifestPlaceholders.securityConfig = "@xml/network_security_config_dev"
 }

}

在AndroidManifest.xml中，使用securityConfig占位符如下（在build.gradle中定义）：

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:networkSecurityConfig="${securityConfig}"   <------- here

在头中添加这个参数解决了我在apiSauce React Native中的问题

"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
  Accept: "application/json"

 cleartext support is disabled by default.Android in 9 and above

 Try This one I hope It will work fine

1 Step:->  add inside android build gradle (Module:App)
            useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'

  android {
               compileSdkVersion 28
              useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'

          }

然后2步：->清单在清单应用程序标记内添加

<application
    android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">//add drawable goto Step 4

   // Step --->3  add to top this line  
     <uses-library
        android:name="org.apache.http.legacy"
        android:required="false" />

</application>

//步骤4-->创建可绘制>>Xml文件>>名称为>>network_security_config.Xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <network-security-config>
      <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
           <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
      </base-config>
    </network-security-config>

对我来说，有效的答案是@PabloCegarra：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

您可能会收到有关cleartextTrafficPermitted=“true”的安全警告

如果你知道要“白名单”的域名，你应该混合接受的答案和上面的答案：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="false">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">books.google.com</domain>
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

这段代码对我有用，但我的应用程序只需要从books.google.com检索数据。这样，安全警告就会消失。

我在Android 9中遇到的问题是使用http在域上导航这个答案的解决方案

<application 
    android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
    ...>

and:

res/xml/network_security_config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

如果您正在使用ionic并在本机http插件期间遇到此错误，则需要执行以下修复-

转到resources/android/xml/network_security_config.xml将其更改为-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">localhost</domain>
        <domain includeSubdomains="true">api.example.com(to be adjusted)</domain>
    </domain-config>
</network-security-config>

这对我有用！