我正在看关于可序列化dto的文章c# -数据传输对象。

这篇文章包含了下面这段代码:

public static string SerializeDTO(DTO dto) {
    try {
        XmlSerializer xmlSer = new XmlSerializer(dto.GetType());
        StringWriter sWriter = new StringWriter();
        xmlSer.Serialize(sWriter, dto);
        return sWriter.ToString();
    }
    catch(Exception ex) {
        throw ex;
    }
}

文章的其余部分看起来理智而合理(对于新手来说),但是try-catch-throw抛出了一个WtfException…这不完全等同于不处理异常吗?

结论:

public static string SerializeDTO(DTO dto) {
    XmlSerializer xmlSer = new XmlSerializer(dto.GetType());
    StringWriter sWriter = new StringWriter();
    xmlSer.Serialize(sWriter, dto);
    return sWriter.ToString();
}

还是我错过了c#中错误处理的一些基本内容?它与Java非常相似(减去受控异常),不是吗?... 也就是说,它们都改进了c++。

堆栈溢出问题重新抛出无参数catch和什么都不做之间的区别?这似乎支持了我的观点,试着接球是不行的。


编辑:

只是为了给将来找到这条线索的人做个总结…

try {
    // Do stuff that might throw an exception
}
catch (Exception e) {
    throw e; // This destroys the strack trace information!
}

堆栈跟踪信息对于确定问题的根本原因至关重要!

DO

try {
    // Do stuff that might throw an exception
}
catch (SqlException e) {
    // Log it
    if (e.ErrorCode != NO_ROW_ERROR) { // filter out NoDataFound.
        // Do special cleanup, like maybe closing the "dirty" database connection.
        throw; // This preserves the stack trace
    }
}
catch (IOException e) {
    // Log it
    throw;
}
catch (Exception e) {
    // Log it
    throw new DAOException("Excrement occurred", e); // wrapped & chained exceptions (just like java).
}
finally {
    // Normal clean goes here (like closing open files).
}

在不太特定的异常之前捕获更特定的异常(就像Java一样)。


引用:

MSDN -异常处理 MSDN - try-catch (c#参考)


当前回答

除了其他人所说的,请参阅我对一个相关问题的回答,其中显示捕获和重新抛出不是一个无操作(它在VB中,但一些代码可以从VB调用c#)。

其他回答

虽然许多其他答案提供了很好的示例,说明为什么您可能希望捕获重抛出异常,但似乎没有人提到“最终”场景。

举个例子,你有一个方法,你在其中设置了游标(例如一个等待游标),该方法有几个出口点(例如if () return;),你想确保游标在方法结束时被重置。

为此,您可以将所有代码包装在try/catch/finally中。在最后将光标设置回右光标。这样就不会隐藏任何有效的异常,在catch中重新抛出它。

try
{
    Cursor.Current = Cursors.WaitCursor;
    // Test something
    if (testResult) return;
    // Do something else
}
catch
{
    throw;
}
finally
{
     Cursor.Current = Cursors.Default;
}

c#(在c# 6之前)不支持CIL“过滤异常”,而VB支持,因此在c# 1-5中,重新抛出异常的一个原因是在catch()时没有足够的信息来确定是否要真正捕获异常。

例如,在VB中你可以做到

Try
 ..
Catch Ex As MyException When Ex.ErrorCode = 123
 .. 
End Try

...它不会处理具有不同ErrorCode值的myexception。在v6之前的c#中,如果ErrorCode不是123,你必须捕获并重新抛出MyException:

try 
{
   ...
}
catch(MyException ex)
{
    if (ex.ErrorCode != 123) throw;
    ...
}

从c# 6.0开始,你可以像VB一样过滤:

try 
{
  // Do stuff
} 
catch (Exception e) when (e.ErrorCode == 123456) // filter
{
  // Handle, other exceptions will be left alone and bubble up
}

当您没有特定的代码来处理当前异常时,或者当您有处理特定错误情况的逻辑但想要跳过所有其他情况时,通过throw重新抛出异常非常有用。

例子:

string numberText = "";
try
{
    Console.Write("Enter an integer: ");
    numberText = Console.ReadLine();
    var result = int.Parse(numberText);

    Console.WriteLine("You entered {0}", result);
}
catch (FormatException)
{
    if (numberText.ToLowerInvariant() == "nothing")
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Please, please don't be lazy and enter a valid number next time.");
    }
    else
    {
        throw;
    }
}    
finally
{
    Console.WriteLine("Freed some resources.");
}
Console.ReadKey();

然而,还有另一种方法,在catch块中使用条件子句:

string numberText = "";
try
{
    Console.Write("Enter an integer: ");
    numberText = Console.ReadLine();
    var result = int.Parse(numberText);

    Console.WriteLine("You entered {0}", result);
}
catch (FormatException) when (numberText.ToLowerInvariant() == "nothing")
{
    Console.WriteLine("Please, please don't be lazy and enter a valid number next time.");
}    
finally
{
    Console.WriteLine("Freed some resources.");
}
Console.ReadKey();

这种机制比重新抛出异常更有效,因为 的。net运行时不需要重新构建异常对象 然后再扔出去。

不要这样做,

try 
{
...
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
   throw ex;
}

您将丢失堆栈跟踪信息…

无论做什么,

try { ... }
catch { throw; }

OR

try { ... }
catch (Exception ex)
{
    throw new Exception("My Custom Error Message", ex);
}

您可能想要重新抛出的原因之一是,如果您正在处理不同的异常,对于 如。

try
{
   ...
}
catch(SQLException sex)
{
   //Do Custom Logging 
   //Don't throw exception - swallow it here
}
catch(OtherException oex)
{
   //Do something else
   throw new WrappedException("Other Exception occured");
}
catch
{
   System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("Eeep! an error, not to worry, will be handled higher up the call stack");
   throw; //Chuck everything else back up the stack
}

抱歉,但许多“改进设计”的例子仍然很糟糕,或者可能会极具误导性。有try {} catch {log;Throw}完全没有意义。异常日志应该在应用程序的中心位置完成。无论如何,异常都会出现在堆栈跟踪中,为什么不将它们记录在系统边界附近的某个地方呢?

Caution should be used when you serialize your context (i.e. DTO in one given example) just into the log message. It can easily contain sensitive information one might not want to reach the hands of all the people who can access the log files. And if you don't add any new information to the exception, I really don't see the point of exception wrapping. Good old Java has some point for that, it requires caller to know what kind of exceptions one should expect then calling the code. Since you don't have this in .NET, wrapping doesn't do any good on at least 80% of the cases I've seen.