典型的例子是重载操作符<<。另一个常见的用法是允许助手或管理类访问您的内部。

下面是我从c++朋友那里听到的一些指导原则。最后一个尤其令人难忘。

你的朋友不是你孩子的朋友。 你孩子的朋友并不是你的朋友。 只有朋友才能碰你的隐私部位。

正如朋友声明的参考资料所说:

友元声明出现在类主体中，并授予函数或另一个类对出现友元声明的类的私有和受保护成员的访问权。

所以提醒一下，有些回答中有技术错误，说朋友只能访问受保护的成员。

对于操作符<<和操作符>>，没有很好的理由让这些操作符成为朋友。它们确实不应该是成员函数，但它们也不需要是朋友函数。

最好的方法是创建公共打印(ostream&)和读取(istream&)函数。然后，根据这些函数写出操作符<<和操作符>>。这提供了额外的好处，允许您将这些函数设置为虚拟函数，从而提供虚拟序列化。

c++的创建者说这并没有破坏任何封装原则，我将引用他的话:

“朋友”是否违反封装? 不。但事实并非如此。“好友”是一种授予访问权限的显式机制，就像会员资格一样。你不能(在符合标准的程序中)在不修改类源的情况下授予自己对类的访问权。

很明显…

In C++ "friend" keyword is useful in Operator overloading and Making Bridge. 1.) Friend keyword in operator overloading :Example for operator overloading is: Let say we have a class "Point" that has two float variable"x"(for x-coordinate) and "y"(for y-coordinate). Now we have to overload "<<"(extraction operator) such that if we call "cout << pointobj" then it will print x and y coordinate (where pointobj is an object of class Point). To do this we have two option: 1.Overload "operator <<()" function in "ostream" class. 2.Overload "operator<<()" function in "Point" class. Now First option is not good because if we need to overload again this operator for some different class then we have to again make change in "ostream" class. That's why second is best option. Now compiler can call "operator <<()" function:

   1.Using ostream object cout.As: cout.operator<<(Pointobj) (form ostream class).
   2.Call without an object.As: operator<<(cout, Pointobj) (from Point class).

Beacause we have implemented overloading in Point class. So to call this function without an object we have to add"friend" keyword because we can call a friend function without an object. Now function declaration will be As: "friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &cout, Point &pointobj);" 2.) Friend keyword in making bridge : Suppose we have to make a function in which we have to access private member of two or more classes ( generally termed as "bridge" ) . How to do this: To access private member of a class it should be member of that class. Now to access private member of other class every class should declare that function as a friend function. For example : Suppose there are two class A and B. A function "funcBridge()" want to access private member of both classes. Then both class should declare "funcBridge()" as: friend return_type funcBridge(A &a_obj, B & b_obj);I think this would help to understand friend keyword.

我发现了一个使用好友访问的方便地方:私有函数的Unittest。