我试图写一个函数,它做以下工作:

以一个整数数组作为参数(例如[1,2,3,4]) 创建一个包含[1,2,3,4]的所有可能排列的数组,每个排列的长度为4

下面的函数(我在网上找到的)通过接受一个字符串作为参数,并返回该字符串的所有排列来实现这一点

我不知道如何修改它,使它与整数数组一起工作,(我认为这与一些方法在字符串上的工作方式不同于在整数上的工作方式有关,但我不确定…)

let permArr = [];
let usedChars = [];

function permute(input) {
    const chars = input.split("");
    for (let i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
        const ch = chars.splice(i, 1);
        usedChars.push(ch);
        if (chars.length === 0) {
            permArr[permArr.length] = usedChars.join("");
        }
        permute(chars.join(""));
        chars.splice(i, 0, ch);
        usedChars.pop();
    }
    return permArr
};

注意:我希望函数返回整数数组,而不是字符串数组。

我真的需要解决方案是在JavaScript。我已经知道如何在python中做到这一点


当前回答

一些受到Haskell启发的版本:

perms [] = [[]]
perms xs = [ x:ps | x <- xs , ps <- perms ( xs\\[x] ) ]

function perms(xs) { if (!xs.length) return [[]]; return xs.flatMap(x => { // get permutations of xs without x, then prepend x to each return perms(xs.filter(v => v!==x)).map(vs => [x, ...vs]); }); // or this duplicate-safe way, suggested by @M.Charbonnier in the comments // return xs.flatMap((x, i) => { // return perms(xs.filter((v, j) => i!==j)).map(vs => [x, ...vs]); // }); // or @user3658510's variant // return xs.flatMap((x, i) => { // return perms([...xs.slice(0,i),...xs.slice(i+1)]).map(vs => [x,...vs]); // }); } document.write(JSON.stringify(perms([1,2,3])));

其他回答

有点晚了,但喜欢在这里添加一个稍微优雅的版本。可以是任何数组…

function permutator(inputArr) {
  var results = [];

  function permute(arr, memo) {
    var cur, memo = memo || [];

    for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
      cur = arr.splice(i, 1);
      if (arr.length === 0) {
        results.push(memo.concat(cur));
      }
      permute(arr.slice(), memo.concat(cur));
      arr.splice(i, 0, cur[0]);
    }

    return results;
  }

  return permute(inputArr);
}

添加ES6(2015)版本。也不会改变原始输入数组。工作在控制台Chrome…

const permutator = (inputArr) => {
  let result = [];

  const permute = (arr, m = []) => {
    if (arr.length === 0) {
      result.push(m)
    } else {
      for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        let curr = arr.slice();
        let next = curr.splice(i, 1);
        permute(curr.slice(), m.concat(next))
     }
   }
 }

 permute(inputArr)

 return result;
}

所以…

permutator(['c','a','t']);

收益率…

[ [ 'c', 'a', 't' ],
  [ 'c', 't', 'a' ],
  [ 'a', 'c', 't' ],
  [ 'a', 't', 'c' ],
  [ 't', 'c', 'a' ],
  [ 't', 'a', 'c' ] ]

和…

permutator([1,2,3]);

收益率…

[ [ 1, 2, 3 ],
  [ 1, 3, 2 ],
  [ 2, 1, 3 ],
  [ 2, 3, 1 ],
  [ 3, 1, 2 ],
  [ 3, 2, 1 ] ]
perm = x => x[0] ?  x.reduce((a, n) => (perm(x.filter(m => m!=n)).forEach(y => a.push([n,...y])), a), []): [[]]

一些受到Haskell启发的版本:

perms [] = [[]]
perms xs = [ x:ps | x <- xs , ps <- perms ( xs\\[x] ) ]

function perms(xs) { if (!xs.length) return [[]]; return xs.flatMap(x => { // get permutations of xs without x, then prepend x to each return perms(xs.filter(v => v!==x)).map(vs => [x, ...vs]); }); // or this duplicate-safe way, suggested by @M.Charbonnier in the comments // return xs.flatMap((x, i) => { // return perms(xs.filter((v, j) => i!==j)).map(vs => [x, ...vs]); // }); // or @user3658510's variant // return xs.flatMap((x, i) => { // return perms([...xs.slice(0,i),...xs.slice(i+1)]).map(vs => [x,...vs]); // }); } document.write(JSON.stringify(perms([1,2,3])));

我使用了一个字符串而不是一个数组,似乎我的算法消耗的时间更少。我把我的算法贴在这里,我测量的时间正确吗?

console.time('process');

var result = []

function swapper(toSwap){
    let start = toSwap[0]
    let end = toSwap.slice(1)
    return end + start
}


function perm(str){
    let i = str.length
    let filling = i - 1

    let buckets = i*filling
    let tmpSwap = ''
    for(let j=0; j<filling; j++){
        if(j===0){
            result.push(str)
        }else{
          if(j === 1){
              tmpSwap = swapper(str.slice(1))
              result.push(str[0]+ tmpSwap)
              if(j === filling-1 && result.length < buckets){
                  perm(swapper(str))
              }

          }else{
              tmpSwap = swapper(tmpSwap)
              result.push(str[0]+ tmpSwap)
              if(j === filling-1 && result.length < buckets){
                  perm(swapper(str))
              }
          }
        }
    }

    if(result.length = buckets){
      return result
    }else{
      return 'something went wrong'
    }

}





console.log(perm('abcdefghijk'))

console.timeEnd('process');
#!/usr/bin/env node
"use strict";

function perm(arr) {
    if(arr.length<2) return [arr];
    var res = [];
    arr.forEach(function(x, i) {
        perm(arr.slice(0,i).concat(arr.slice(i+1))).forEach(function(a) {
            res.push([x].concat(a));
        });
    });
    return res;
}

console.log(perm([1,2,3,4]));