Following up on Chad's excellent answer, if you get an error of "Error: Could not find or load main class" - and you spend a couple hours trying to troubleshoot it, whether your executing a shell script that starts your java app or starting it from systemd itself - and you know your classpath is 100% correct, e.g. manually running the shell script works as well as running what you have in systemd execstart. Be sure you're running things as the correct user! In my case, I had tried different users, after quite a while of troubleshooting - i finally had a hunch, put root as the user - voila, the app started correctly. After determining it was a wrong user issue, I chown -R user:user the folder and subfolders and the app ran correctly as the specified user and group so no longer needed to run it as root (bad security).

在这个问题中，@PbxMan的回答可以让你开始:

在Linux上运行Java应用程序作为服务

编辑:

还有另一种不太好的方式在重启时启动进程，使用cron:

@reboot user-to-run-under /usr/bin/java -jar /path/to/application.jar

这是可行的，但不能为应用程序提供良好的启动/停止界面。你仍然可以简单地杀死它……

您还可以使用监控器，这是一个非常方便的守护进程，可以用来轻松地控制服务。这些服务是由简单的配置文件定义的，这些配置文件定义了在哪个目录下哪个用户执行什么，等等，有无数的选项。supervisor ord的语法非常简单，所以它是编写SysV初始化脚本的一个很好的替代方案。

这里有一个简单的监督配置文件，用于您试图运行/控制的程序。(把这个放到/etc/supervisor/conf.d/yourapp.conf)

/etc/supervisor/conf.d/yourapp.conf

[program:yourapp]
command=/usr/bin/java -jar /path/to/application.jar
user=usertorun
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startsecs=10
startretries=3
stdout_logfile=/var/log/yourapp-stdout.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/yourapp-stderr.log

要控制应用程序，你需要执行监控器ctl，它会提示你启动、停止和状态你的应用程序。

CLI

# sudo supervisorctl
yourapp             RUNNING   pid 123123, uptime 1 day, 15:00:00
supervisor> stop yourapp
supervisor> start yourapp

如果监控器守护进程已经在运行，并且您已经为您的服务添加了配置，而没有重新启动守护进程，那么您可以在监控器shell中简单地执行一个重读和更新命令。

这确实为您提供了使用SysV Init脚本所具有的所有灵活性，而且易于使用和控制。看一下文档。

创建一个名为your-app的脚本。服务(rest-app.service)。 我们应该把这个脚本放在/etc/systemd/system目录下。 下面是脚本的示例内容

[Unit]
Description=Spring Boot REST Application
After=syslog.target

[Service]
User=javadevjournal
ExecStart=/var/rest-app/restdemo.jar
SuccessExitStatus=200

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

下一个:

 service rest-app start

参考文献

在这里输入链接描述

以下是针对springboot 1.3及以上版本的工作:

init。d服务

可执行jar具有通常的启动、停止、重新启动和状态命令。它还将在通常的/var/run目录中设置一个PID文件，默认情况下在通常的/var/log目录中设置日志。

你只需要将你的jar文件符号链接到/etc/init.D喜欢这样

sudo link -s /var/myapp/myapp.jar /etc/init.d/myapp

OR

sudo ln -s ~/myproject/build/libs/myapp-1.0.jar /etc/init.d/myapp_servicename

之后你就可以做平常的事情了

/etc/init.d/myapp start

然后在你想启动/停止应用程序的运行级别设置一个链接。

作为一个systemd服务

要运行安装在var/myapp中的Spring Boot应用程序，可以在/etc/systemd/system/myapp.service中添加以下脚本:

[Unit]
Description=myapp
After=syslog.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/var/myapp/myapp.jar

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注意:如果你正在使用这种方法，不要忘记让jar文件本身可执行(使用chmod +x)，否则它将失败，错误“权限被拒绝”。

参考

http://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current-SNAPSHOT/reference/html/deployment-install.html#deployment-service

下面是一个脚本，它将可执行jar部署为systemd服务。

它为服务和.service文件创建一个用户，并将jar文件放在/var下，并对特权进行一些基本的锁定。

#!/bin/bash

# Argument: The jar file to deploy
APPSRCPATH=$1

# Argument: application name, no spaces please, used as folder name under /var
APPNAME=$2

# Argument: the user to use when running the application, may exist, created if not exists
APPUSER=$3

# Help text
USAGE="
Usage: sudo $0 <jar-file> <app-name> <runtime-user>
If an app with the name <app-name> already exist, it is stopped and deleted.
If the <runtime-user> does not already exist, it is created.
"

# Check that we are root
if [ ! "root" = "$(whoami)" ]; then
    echo "Must be root. Please use e.g. sudo"
    echo "$USAGE"
    exit
fi

# Check arguments
if [ "$#" -ne 3 -o ${#APPSRCPATH} = 0 -o ${#APPNAME} = 0 -o ${#APPUSER} = 0 ]; then
    echo "Incorrect number of parameters."
    echo "$USAGE"
    exit
fi

if [ ! -f $APPSRCPATH ]; then
    echo "Can't find jar file $APPSRCPATH"
    echo "$USAGE"
    exit
fi

# Infered values
APPFILENAME=$(basename $APPSRCPATH)
APPFOLDER=/var/javaapps/$APPNAME
APPDESTPATH=$APPFOLDER/$APPFILENAME

# Stop the service if it already exist and is running
systemctl stop $APPNAME >/dev/null 2>&1

# Create the app folder, deleting any previous content
rm -fr $APPFOLDER
mkdir -p $APPFOLDER

# Create the user if it does not exist
if id "$APPUSER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "Using existing user $APPUSER"
else
    adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" $APPUSER
    echo "Created user $APPUSER"
fi

# Place app in app folder, setting owner and rights
cp $APPSRCPATH $APPDESTPATH
chown $APPUSER $APPDESTPATH
chmod 500 $APPDESTPATH
echo "Added or updated the $APPDESTPATH file"

# Create the .service file used by systemd
echo "
[Unit]
Description=$APPNAME
After=syslog.target
[Service]
User=$APPUSER
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -jar $APPDESTPATH
SuccessExitStatus=143
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
" > /etc/systemd/system/$APPNAME.service
echo "Created the /etc/systemd/system/$APPNAME.service file"

# Reload the daemon
systemctl daemon-reload

# Start the deployed app
systemctl start $APPNAME
systemctl status $APPNAME

例子: