如何在Linux系统中将Spring Boot应用程序打包为可执行jar as a Service ?这是推荐的方法吗，还是应该将这个应用程序转换为war并将其安装到Tomcat中?
目前，我可以从屏幕会话运行Spring引导应用程序，这很好，但需要在服务器重新启动后手动启动。
我正在寻找的是一般的建议/方向或样本init。D脚本，如果我的方法与可执行jar是适当的。
当前回答
我最终为WAR/JAR布局做了systemd服务
我调用java -jar是因为它更灵活。我还试着把ExecStart=spring-mvc。战争，但即使是可执行的，我得到'Exec格式错误'
无论如何，现在systemd出现在所有发行版上，并提供了一个很好的解决方案来重定向日志(syserr是重要的，当你的服务甚至没有启动log4j文件位置将为空:))。
cat /etc/systemd/system/spring-mvc.service
[Unit]
Description=Spring MVC Java Service
[Service]
User=spring-mvc
# The configuration file application.properties should be here:
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/spring-mvc
# Run ExecStartPre with root-permissions
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=-/bin/mkdir -p /var/log/spring-mvc
ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R spring-mvc:syslog /var/log/spring-mvc
ExecStartPre=/bin/chmod -R 775 /var/log/spring-mvc
#https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html#ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java \
-Dlog4j.configurationFile=log4j2-spring.xml \
-DLog4jContextSelector=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async.AsyncLoggerContextSelector \
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev \
-Denvironment-type=dev \
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \
-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 \
-XX:NewSize=756m \
-XX:MetaspaceSize=256m \
-Dsun.net.inetaddr.ttl=5 \
-Xloggc:/var/log/spring-mvc/gc.log \
-verbose:gc \
-verbosegc \
-XX:+DisableExplicitGC \
-XX:+PrintGCDetails \
-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps \
-XX:+PreserveFramePointer \
-XX:+StartAttachListener \
-Xms1024m \
-Xmx1024m \
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError \
-jar spring-mvc.war
SuccessExitStatus=143
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
KillSignal=SIGINT
TimeoutStopSec=20
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
StartLimitBurst=10
LimitNOFILE=500000
LimitNPROC=500000
#https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#LimitCPU=
#LimitCPU=, LimitFSIZE=, LimitDATA=, LimitSTACK=, LimitCORE=, LimitRSS=, LimitNOFILE=, LimitAS=, LimitNPROC=, LimitMEMLOCK=, LimitLOCKS=, LimitSIGPENDING=, LimitMSGQUEUE=, LimitNICE=, LimitRTPRIO=, LimitRTTIME=¶
SyslogIdentifier=spring-mvc
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journalctl.html
#check logs --- journalctl -u spring-mvc -f -o cat
Rsyslog -将应用程序的syslog输入重定向到特定的文件夹/文件
cat /etc/rsyslog.d/30-spring-mvc.conf
if $programname == 'spring-mvc' then /var/log/spring-mvc/spring-mvc.log
& stop
logrotate
cat /etc/logrotate.d/spring-mvc.conf
/var/log/spring-mvc/spring-mvc.log
{
daily
rotate 30
maxage 30
copytruncate
missingok
notifempty
compress
dateext
dateformat _%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M
delaycompress
create 644 spring-mvc syslog
su spring-mvc syslog
}
logrotate gc
cat /etc/logrotate.d/spring-mvc-gc.conf
/var/log/spring-mvc/gc.log
{
daily
rotate 30
maxage 30
copytruncate
missingok
notifempty
compress
dateext
dateformat _%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M
delaycompress
create 644 spring-mvc syslog
su spring-mvc syslog
}
其他回答
I don't know of a "standard" shrink-wrapped way to do that with a Java app, but it's definitely a good idea (you want to benefit from the keep-alive and monitoring capabilities of the operating system if they are there). It's on the roadmap to provide something from the Spring Boot tool support (maven and gradle), but for now you are probably going to have to roll your own. The best solution I know of right now is Foreman, which has a declarative approach and one line commands for packaging init scripts for various standard OS formats (monit, sys V, upstart etc.). There is also evidence of people having set stuff up with gradle (e.g. here).
在这个问题中，@PbxMan的回答可以让你开始:
在Linux上运行Java应用程序作为服务
编辑:
还有另一种不太好的方式在重启时启动进程，使用cron:
@reboot user-to-run-under /usr/bin/java -jar /path/to/application.jar
这是可行的，但不能为应用程序提供良好的启动/停止界面。你仍然可以简单地杀死它……
我的SysVInit脚本Centos 6 / RHEL(还不理想)。这个脚本需要ApplicationPidListener。
/etc/init.d/app的源代码
#!/bin/sh
#
# app Spring Boot Application
#
# chkconfig: 345 20 80
# description: App Service
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: App
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network
# Default-Start: 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 6
# Short-Description: Application
# Description:
### END INIT INFO
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
exec="/usr/bin/java"
prog="app"
app_home=/home/$prog/
user=$prog
[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog
pid=$app_home/$prog.pid
start() {
[ -x $exec ] || exit 5
[ -f $config ] || exit 6
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 1
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
cd $app_home
daemon --check $prog --pidfile $pid --user $user $exec $app_args &
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $pid $prog
retval=$?
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
stop
start
}
reload() {
restart
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
rh_status() {
status -p $pid $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
exit 2
esac
exit $?
配置文件/etc/sysconfig/app示例:
exec=/opt/jdk1.8.0_05/jre/bin/java
user=myuser
app_home=/home/mysuer/
app_args="-jar app.jar"
pid=$app_home/app.pid
我最终为WAR/JAR布局做了systemd服务
我调用java -jar是因为它更灵活。我还试着把ExecStart=spring-mvc。战争，但即使是可执行的，我得到'Exec格式错误'
无论如何，现在systemd出现在所有发行版上，并提供了一个很好的解决方案来重定向日志(syserr是重要的，当你的服务甚至没有启动log4j文件位置将为空:))。
cat /etc/systemd/system/spring-mvc.service
[Unit]
Description=Spring MVC Java Service
[Service]
User=spring-mvc
# The configuration file application.properties should be here:
WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/spring-mvc
# Run ExecStartPre with root-permissions
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=-/bin/mkdir -p /var/log/spring-mvc
ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R spring-mvc:syslog /var/log/spring-mvc
ExecStartPre=/bin/chmod -R 775 /var/log/spring-mvc
#https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html#ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java \
-Dlog4j.configurationFile=log4j2-spring.xml \
-DLog4jContextSelector=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async.AsyncLoggerContextSelector \
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev \
-Denvironment-type=dev \
-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \
-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 \
-XX:NewSize=756m \
-XX:MetaspaceSize=256m \
-Dsun.net.inetaddr.ttl=5 \
-Xloggc:/var/log/spring-mvc/gc.log \
-verbose:gc \
-verbosegc \
-XX:+DisableExplicitGC \
-XX:+PrintGCDetails \
-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps \
-XX:+PreserveFramePointer \
-XX:+StartAttachListener \
-Xms1024m \
-Xmx1024m \
-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError \
-jar spring-mvc.war
SuccessExitStatus=143
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
KillSignal=SIGINT
TimeoutStopSec=20
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
StartLimitBurst=10
LimitNOFILE=500000
LimitNPROC=500000
#https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#LimitCPU=
#LimitCPU=, LimitFSIZE=, LimitDATA=, LimitSTACK=, LimitCORE=, LimitRSS=, LimitNOFILE=, LimitAS=, LimitNPROC=, LimitMEMLOCK=, LimitLOCKS=, LimitSIGPENDING=, LimitMSGQUEUE=, LimitNICE=, LimitRTPRIO=, LimitRTTIME=¶
SyslogIdentifier=spring-mvc
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/journalctl.html
#check logs --- journalctl -u spring-mvc -f -o cat
Rsyslog -将应用程序的syslog输入重定向到特定的文件夹/文件
cat /etc/rsyslog.d/30-spring-mvc.conf
if $programname == 'spring-mvc' then /var/log/spring-mvc/spring-mvc.log
& stop
logrotate
cat /etc/logrotate.d/spring-mvc.conf
/var/log/spring-mvc/spring-mvc.log
{
daily
rotate 30
maxage 30
copytruncate
missingok
notifempty
compress
dateext
dateformat _%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M
delaycompress
create 644 spring-mvc syslog
su spring-mvc syslog
}
logrotate gc
cat /etc/logrotate.d/spring-mvc-gc.conf
/var/log/spring-mvc/gc.log
{
daily
rotate 30
maxage 30
copytruncate
missingok
notifempty
compress
dateext
dateformat _%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M
delaycompress
create 644 spring-mvc syslog
su spring-mvc syslog
}
下面是一个脚本，它将可执行jar部署为systemd服务。
它为服务和.service文件创建一个用户，并将jar文件放在/var下，并对特权进行一些基本的锁定。
#!/bin/bash
# Argument: The jar file to deploy
APPSRCPATH=$1
# Argument: application name, no spaces please, used as folder name under /var
APPNAME=$2
# Argument: the user to use when running the application, may exist, created if not exists
APPUSER=$3
# Help text
USAGE="
Usage: sudo $0 <jar-file> <app-name> <runtime-user>
If an app with the name <app-name> already exist, it is stopped and deleted.
If the <runtime-user> does not already exist, it is created.
"
# Check that we are root
if [ ! "root" = "$(whoami)" ]; then
echo "Must be root. Please use e.g. sudo"
echo "$USAGE"
exit
fi
# Check arguments
if [ "$#" -ne 3 -o ${#APPSRCPATH} = 0 -o ${#APPNAME} = 0 -o ${#APPUSER} = 0 ]; then
echo "Incorrect number of parameters."
echo "$USAGE"
exit
fi
if [ ! -f $APPSRCPATH ]; then
echo "Can't find jar file $APPSRCPATH"
echo "$USAGE"
exit
fi
# Infered values
APPFILENAME=$(basename $APPSRCPATH)
APPFOLDER=/var/javaapps/$APPNAME
APPDESTPATH=$APPFOLDER/$APPFILENAME
# Stop the service if it already exist and is running
systemctl stop $APPNAME >/dev/null 2>&1
# Create the app folder, deleting any previous content
rm -fr $APPFOLDER
mkdir -p $APPFOLDER
# Create the user if it does not exist
if id "$APPUSER" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "Using existing user $APPUSER"
else
adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" $APPUSER
echo "Created user $APPUSER"
fi
# Place app in app folder, setting owner and rights
cp $APPSRCPATH $APPDESTPATH
chown $APPUSER $APPDESTPATH
chmod 500 $APPDESTPATH
echo "Added or updated the $APPDESTPATH file"
# Create the .service file used by systemd
echo "
[Unit]
Description=$APPNAME
After=syslog.target
[Service]
User=$APPUSER
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java -jar $APPDESTPATH
SuccessExitStatus=143
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
" > /etc/systemd/system/$APPNAME.service
echo "Created the /etc/systemd/system/$APPNAME.service file"
# Reload the daemon
systemctl daemon-reload
# Start the deployed app
systemctl start $APPNAME
systemctl status $APPNAME
例子:
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