我发现需要你改变键的解决方案(例如，toLowerCase)非常不受欢迎，需要TreeMap的解决方案也不受欢迎。

由于TreeMap改变了时间复杂度(与其他hashmap相比)，我认为简单地使用O(n)的实用方法更可行:

public static <T> T getIgnoreCase(Map<String, T> map, String key) {
    for(Entry<String, T> entry : map.entrySet()) {
        if(entry.getKey().equalsIgnoreCase(key))
            return entry.getValue();
    }
    return null;
}

这就是那个方法。由于牺牲性能(时间复杂度)看起来是不可避免的，至少不需要更改底层映射以适应查找。

我想到了两个选择:

你可以直接使用s.toUpperCase().hashCode();作为地图的钥匙。 你可以使用TreeMap<String>和一个忽略大小写的自定义比较器。

否则，如果您更喜欢自己的解决方案，我宁愿不定义一种新的String，而是实现一个具有所需的大小写不敏感功能的新Map。

您可以使用来自Eclipse Collections的基于HashingStrategy的映射

HashingStrategy<String> hashingStrategy =
    HashingStrategies.fromFunction(String::toUpperCase);
MutableMap<String, String> node = HashingStrategyMaps.mutable.of(hashingStrategy);

注意:我是Eclipse Collections的贡献者。

继承HashMap的子类，并创建一个在put和get(可能还有其他面向键的方法)时小写键的版本。

或者将HashMap合成到新类中，并将所有内容委托给映射，但要转换键。

如果需要保留原始键，可以维护双映射，或者将原始键与值一起存储。

这是我为最近的一个项目实现的HashMaps适配器。工作方式类似于@SandyR，但封装了转换逻辑，因此您不必手动将字符串转换为包装器对象。

我使用了Java 8的特性，但是做了一些更改，您可以使它适应以前的版本。除了新的Java 8流函数之外，我对大多数常见场景进行了测试。

基本上，它包装了一个HashMap，将所有函数指向它，同时将字符串转换为包装器对象。但是我还必须调整KeySet和EntrySet，因为它们将一些函数转发给映射本身。因此，我返回两个用于键和项的新set，它们实际上包装了原始的keySet()和entrySet()。

注意:Java 8已经改变了putAll方法的实现，我无法找到一种简单的方法来覆盖它。因此，当前的实现可能会降低性能，特别是在对大型数据集使用putAll()时。

请让我知道，如果你发现一个错误或有改进代码的建议。

包webbit.collections;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.function.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;


public class CaseInsensitiveMapAdapter<T> implements Map<String,T>
{
    private Map<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T> map;
    private KeySet keySet;
    private EntrySet entrySet;


    public CaseInsensitiveMapAdapter()
    {
    }

    public CaseInsensitiveMapAdapter(Map<String, T> map)
    {
        this.map = getMapImplementation();
        this.putAll(map);
    }

    @Override
    public int size()
    {
        return getMap().size();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty()
    {
        return getMap().isEmpty();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsKey(Object key)
    {
        return getMap().containsKey(lookupKey(key));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsValue(Object value)
    {
        return getMap().containsValue(value);
    }

    @Override
    public T get(Object key)
    {
        return getMap().get(lookupKey(key));
    }

    @Override
    public T put(String key, T value)
    {
        return getMap().put(lookupKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public T remove(Object key)
    {
        return getMap().remove(lookupKey(key));
    }

    /***
     * I completely ignore Java 8 implementation and put one by one.This will be slower.
     */
    @Override
    public void putAll(Map<? extends String, ? extends T> m)
    {
        for (String key : m.keySet()) {
            getMap().put(lookupKey(key),m.get(key));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void clear()
    {
        getMap().clear();
    }

    @Override
    public Set<String> keySet()
    {
        if (keySet == null)
            keySet = new KeySet(getMap().keySet());
        return keySet;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<T> values()
    {
        return getMap().values();
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Entry<String, T>> entrySet()
    {
        if (entrySet == null)
            entrySet = new EntrySet(getMap().entrySet());
        return entrySet;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o)
    {
        return getMap().equals(o);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
        return getMap().hashCode();
    }

    @Override
    public T getOrDefault(Object key, T defaultValue)
    {
        return getMap().getOrDefault(lookupKey(key), defaultValue);
    }

    @Override
    public void forEach(final BiConsumer<? super String, ? super T> action)
    {
        getMap().forEach(new BiConsumer<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T>()
        {
            @Override
            public void accept(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey, T t)
            {
                action.accept(lookupKey.key,t);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void replaceAll(final BiFunction<? super String, ? super T, ? extends T> function)
    {
        getMap().replaceAll(new BiFunction<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T, T>()
        {
            @Override
            public T apply(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey, T t)
            {
                return function.apply(lookupKey.key,t);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public T putIfAbsent(String key, T value)
    {
        return getMap().putIfAbsent(lookupKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value)
    {
        return getMap().remove(lookupKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean replace(String key, T oldValue, T newValue)
    {
        return getMap().replace(lookupKey(key), oldValue, newValue);
    }

    @Override
    public T replace(String key, T value)
    {
        return getMap().replace(lookupKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public T computeIfAbsent(String key, final Function<? super String, ? extends T> mappingFunction)
    {
        return getMap().computeIfAbsent(lookupKey(key), new Function<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T>()
        {
            @Override
            public T apply(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey)
            {
                return mappingFunction.apply(lookupKey.key);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public T computeIfPresent(String key, final BiFunction<? super String, ? super T, ? extends T> remappingFunction)
    {
        return getMap().computeIfPresent(lookupKey(key), new BiFunction<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T, T>()
        {
            @Override
            public T apply(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey, T t)
            {
                return remappingFunction.apply(lookupKey.key, t);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public T compute(String key, final BiFunction<? super String, ? super T, ? extends T> remappingFunction)
    {
        return getMap().compute(lookupKey(key), new BiFunction<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T, T>()
        {
            @Override
            public T apply(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey, T t)
            {
                return remappingFunction.apply(lookupKey.key,t);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public T merge(String key, T value, BiFunction<? super T, ? super T, ? extends T> remappingFunction)
    {
        return getMap().merge(lookupKey(key), value, remappingFunction);
    }

    protected  Map<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T> getMapImplementation() {
        return new HashMap<>();
    }

    private Map<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T> getMap() {
        if (map == null)
            map = getMapImplementation();
        return map;
    }

    private CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey(Object key)
    {
        return new CaseInsensitiveMapKey((String)key);
    }

    public class CaseInsensitiveMapKey {
        private String key;
        private String lookupKey;

        public CaseInsensitiveMapKey(String key)
        {
            this.key = key;
            this.lookupKey = key.toUpperCase();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

            CaseInsensitiveMapKey that = (CaseInsensitiveMapKey) o;

            return lookupKey.equals(that.lookupKey);

        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return lookupKey.hashCode();
        }
    }

    private class KeySet implements Set<String> {

        private Set<CaseInsensitiveMapKey> wrapped;

        public KeySet(Set<CaseInsensitiveMapKey> wrapped)
        {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }


        private List<String> keyList() {
            return stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
        }

        private Collection<CaseInsensitiveMapKey> mapCollection(Collection<?> c) {
            return c.stream().map(it -> lookupKey(it)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        }

        @Override
        public int size()
        {
            return wrapped.size();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty()
        {
            return wrapped.isEmpty();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean contains(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.contains(lookupKey(o));
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator<String> iterator()
        {
            return keyList().iterator();
        }

        @Override
        public Object[] toArray()
        {
            return keyList().toArray();
        }

        @Override
        public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a)
        {
            return keyList().toArray(a);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean add(String s)
        {
            return wrapped.add(lookupKey(s));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean remove(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.remove(lookupKey(o));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c)
        {
            return keyList().containsAll(c);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends String> c)
        {
            return wrapped.addAll(mapCollection(c));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c)
        {
            return wrapped.retainAll(mapCollection(c));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c)
        {
            return wrapped.removeAll(mapCollection(c));
        }

        @Override
        public void clear()
        {
            wrapped.clear();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.equals(lookupKey(o));
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return wrapped.hashCode();
        }

        @Override
        public Spliterator<String> spliterator()
        {
            return keyList().spliterator();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super String> filter)
        {
            return wrapped.removeIf(new Predicate<CaseInsensitiveMapKey>()
            {
                @Override
                public boolean test(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey)
                {
                    return filter.test(lookupKey.key);
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public Stream<String> stream()
        {
            return wrapped.stream().map(it -> it.key);
        }

        @Override
        public Stream<String> parallelStream()
        {
            return wrapped.stream().map(it -> it.key).parallel();
        }

        @Override
        public void forEach(Consumer<? super String> action)
        {
            wrapped.forEach(new Consumer<CaseInsensitiveMapKey>()
            {
                @Override
                public void accept(CaseInsensitiveMapKey lookupKey)
                {
                    action.accept(lookupKey.key);
                }
            });
        }
    }

    private class EntrySet implements Set<Map.Entry<String,T>> {

        private Set<Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T>> wrapped;

        public EntrySet(Set<Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T>> wrapped)
        {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }


        private List<Map.Entry<String,T>> keyList() {
            return stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
        }

        private Collection<Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T>> mapCollection(Collection<?> c) {
            return c.stream().map(it -> new CaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter((Entry<String,T>)it)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        }

        @Override
        public int size()
        {
            return wrapped.size();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty()
        {
            return wrapped.isEmpty();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean contains(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.contains(lookupKey(o));
        }

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<String,T>> iterator()
        {
            return keyList().iterator();
        }

        @Override
        public Object[] toArray()
        {
            return keyList().toArray();
        }

        @Override
        public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a)
        {
            return keyList().toArray(a);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean add(Entry<String,T> s)
        {
            return wrapped.add(null );
        }

        @Override
        public boolean remove(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.remove(lookupKey(o));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c)
        {
            return keyList().containsAll(c);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Entry<String,T>> c)
        {
            return wrapped.addAll(mapCollection(c));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c)
        {
            return wrapped.retainAll(mapCollection(c));
        }

        @Override
        public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c)
        {
            return wrapped.removeAll(mapCollection(c));
        }

        @Override
        public void clear()
        {
            wrapped.clear();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.equals(lookupKey(o));
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return wrapped.hashCode();
        }

        @Override
        public Spliterator<Entry<String,T>> spliterator()
        {
            return keyList().spliterator();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean removeIf(Predicate<? super Entry<String, T>> filter)
        {
            return wrapped.removeIf(new Predicate<Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T>>()
            {
                @Override
                public boolean test(Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T> entry)
                {
                    return filter.test(new FromCaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter(entry));
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public Stream<Entry<String,T>> stream()
        {
            return wrapped.stream().map(it -> new Entry<String, T>()
            {
                @Override
                public String getKey()
                {
                    return it.getKey().key;
                }

                @Override
                public T getValue()
                {
                    return it.getValue();
                }

                @Override
                public T setValue(T value)
                {
                    return it.setValue(value);
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public Stream<Map.Entry<String,T>> parallelStream()
        {
            return StreamSupport.stream(spliterator(), true);
        }

        @Override
        public void forEach(Consumer<? super Entry<String, T>> action)
        {
            wrapped.forEach(new Consumer<Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T>>()
            {
                @Override
                public void accept(Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T> entry)
                {
                    action.accept(new FromCaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter(entry));
                }
            });
        }
    }

    private class EntryAdapter implements Map.Entry<String,T> {
        private Entry<String,T> wrapped;

        public EntryAdapter(Entry<String, T> wrapped)
        {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public String getKey()
        {
            return wrapped.getKey();
        }

        @Override
        public T getValue()
        {
            return wrapped.getValue();
        }

        @Override
        public T setValue(T value)
        {
            return wrapped.setValue(value);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            return wrapped.equals(o);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return wrapped.hashCode();
        }


    }

    private class CaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter implements Map.Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T> {

        private Entry<String,T> wrapped;

        public CaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter(Entry<String, T> wrapped)
        {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public CaseInsensitiveMapKey getKey()
        {
            return lookupKey(wrapped.getKey());
        }

        @Override
        public T getValue()
        {
            return wrapped.getValue();
        }

        @Override
        public T setValue(T value)
        {
            return wrapped.setValue(value);
        }
    }

    private class FromCaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter implements Map.Entry<String,T> {

        private Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey,T> wrapped;

        public FromCaseInsensitiveEntryAdapter(Entry<CaseInsensitiveMapKey, T> wrapped)
        {
            this.wrapped = wrapped;
        }

        @Override
        public String getKey()
        {
            return wrapped.getKey().key;
        }

        @Override
        public T getValue()
        {
            return wrapped.getValue();
        }

        @Override
        public T setValue(T value)
        {
            return wrapped.setValue(value);
        }
    }


}

正如Guido García在他们的回答中所建议的:

import java.util.HashMap;

public class CaseInsensitiveMap extends HashMap<String, String> {

    @Override
    public String put(String key, String value) {
       return super.put(key.toLowerCase(), value);
    }

    // not @Override because that would require the key parameter to be of type Object
    public String get(String key) {
       return super.get(key.toLowerCase());
    }
}

Or

https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-collections/apidocs/org/apache/commons/collections4/map/CaseInsensitiveMap.html