执行以下命令时:
ALTER TABLE `mytable` ADD UNIQUE (
`column1` ,
`column2`
);
我得到了这个错误信息:
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
columnn1和column2的信息:
column1 varchar(20) utf8_general_ci
column2 varchar(500) utf8_general_ci
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要501个字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。为什么我得到了错误消息?
#1071 - Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes
当前回答
索引长度& MySQL / MariaDB
Laravel默认使用utf8mb4字符集，其中包括在数据库中存储“表情符号”的支持。如果您运行的MySQL版本比5.7.7版本更老，或者MariaDB版本比10.2.2版本更老，您可能需要手动配置由迁移生成的默认字符串长度，以便MySQL为它们创建索引。你可以在AppServiceProvider中调用Schema::defaultStringLength方法来配置:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema; /** * Bootstrap any application services. * * @return void */ public function boot() { Schema::defaultStringLength(191); } Alternatively, you may enable the innodb_large_prefix option for your database. Refer to your database's documentation for instructions on how to properly enable this option. Reference from blog : https://www.scratchcode.io/specified-key-too-long-error-in-laravel/ Reference from Official laravel documentation : https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/migrations
其他回答
laravel 5.7到9.0
应遵循的步骤
进入App\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php。 将此添加到提供商使用Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;在顶部。 在Boot函数中添加这个Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
就这些，好好享受吧。
您可以添加长列的md5列
我在这个话题上做了一些搜索，最后得到了一些自定义更改
MySQL工作台6.3.7版本有图形界面
启动Workbench并选择连接。 转到管理或实例并选择选项文件。 如果Workbench要求您允许读取配置文件，然后按OK两次。 在中心位置的管理员选项文件窗口出现。 进入InnoDB选项卡，如果在General部分没有检查innodb_large_prefix。 设置innodb_default_row_format选项值为DYNAMIC。
对于6.3.7以下的版本，直接选项不可用，因此需要使用命令提示符
Start CMD as administrator. Go To director where mysql server is install Most of cases its at "C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin" so command is "cd \" "cd Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7\bin". Now Run command mysql -u userName -p databasescheema Now it asked for password of respective user. Provide password and enter into mysql prompt. We have to set some global settings enter the below commands one by one set global innodb_large_prefix=on; set global innodb_file_format=barracuda; set global innodb_file_per_table=true; Now at the last we have to alter the ROW_FORMAT of required table by default its COMPACT we have to set it to DYNAMIC. use following command alter table table_name ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC; Done
我认为varchar(20)只需要21个字节，而varchar(500)只需要 需要501字节。所以总字节数是522，小于767。那么,为什么 我收到错误信息了吗?
UTF8每个字符需要3个字节来存储字符串，因此在您的情况下，20 +500字符= 20*3+500*3 = 1560字节，这超过了允许的767字节。
UTF8的限制是767/3 = 255个字符，对于每个字符使用4个字节的UTF8mb4，它是767/4 = 191个字符。
如果您需要使用比限制更长的列，有两种解决方案:
Use "cheaper" encoding (the one that requires less bytes per character) In my case, I needed to add Unique index on column containing SEO string of article, as I use only [A-z0-9\-] characters for SEO, I used latin1_general_ci which uses only one byte per character and so column can have 767 bytes length. Create hash from your column and use unique index only on that The other option for me was to create another column which would store hash of SEO, this column would have UNIQUE key to ensure SEO values are unique. I would also add KEY index to original SEO column to speed up look up.
如果有人在InnoDB和utf8字符集试图在VARCHAR(256)字段上放置UNIQUE索引时遇到问题，请将其切换到VARCHAR(255)字段。255似乎是限制。
