您还可以从PowerShell命令行调用“host”命令。它应该为您提供$host变量的值。

以下cmdlet将返回PowerShell版本。

$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major

Use:

$psVersion = $PSVersionTable.PSVersion
If ($psVersion)
{
    #PowerShell Version Mapping
    $psVersionMappings = @()
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14393.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 Anniversary Update'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.1.14300.1000';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5.1 Preview';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 5'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.494';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3172985 1607'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.122';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3140743 1603'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.117';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1602';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.63';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows 10 1511 + KB3135173 1602'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10586.51';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 RTM 1512';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10514.6';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Production Preview 1508';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.10018.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview 1502';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='5.0.9883.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 5 Preview November 2014';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='4.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 4 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8.1, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='3.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 3 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, Windows 8, and Windows 7 SP1'}
    $psVersionMappings += New-Object PSObject -Property @{Name='2.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 2 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7'}
    foreach ($psVersionMapping in $psVersionMappings)
    {
        If ($psVersion -ge $psVersionMapping.Name) {
            @{CurrentVersion=$psVersion;FriendlyName=$psVersionMapping.FriendlyName;ApplicableOS=$psVersionMapping.ApplicableOS}
            Break
        }
    }
}
Else{
    @{CurrentVersion='1.0';FriendlyName='Windows PowerShell 1 RTM';ApplicableOS='Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP'}
}

您可以从How to determined installed PowerShell version下载详细脚本。

这是一个很老的问题，但仍然相关，只是问题的性质在2023年有所不同。找到版本很容易，但首先我们必须启动正确的可执行文件。为此，我们基本上回到了注册表中。

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PowerShell\1" /v Install >nul 2>&1
if %ERRORLEVEL% EQU 0 (
  :: Default to PowerShell 5 if both are installed
  set PSEXE=powershell
) else (
  set PSEXE=pwsh
)
echo Using %PSEXE%
%PSEXE% -ExecutionPolicy bypass -command "& { ... ; exit $LASTEXITCODE }"

通过检查环境变量可以获得其他提示，但我认为测试注册表中的“Windows”PowerShell是最安全的。

使用$PSVersionTable.PSVersion确定引擎版本。如果变量不存在，则可以安全地假设引擎为1.0版本。

请注意，$Host.Version和（Get-Host）.Version不可靠-它们反映只有主机的版本，而不是引擎。PowerGUI，PowerShellPLUS等都是托管应用程序，并且他们将设置主机的版本以反映其产品版本-这是完全正确的，但不是你想要的。

PS C:\> $PSVersionTable.PSVersion

Major  Minor  Build  Revision
-----  -----  -----  --------
4      0      -1     -1

这是“批处理文件获取powershell版本”的顶级搜索结果，因此我想提供一个基本示例，说明如何根据powershell版本在批处理文件中执行条件流

通用示例

powershell "exit $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major"
if %errorlevel% GEQ 5 (
    echo Do some fancy stuff that only powershell v5 or higher supports
) else (
    echo Functionality not support by current powershell version.
)

真实世界示例

powershell "exit $PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major"
if %errorlevel% GEQ 5 (
    rem Unzip archive automatically
    powershell Expand-Archive Compressed.zip
) else (
    rem Make the user unzip, because lazy
    echo Please unzip Compressed.zip prior to continuing...
    pause
)