这是一个示例代码，我用来生成证书号码在我的应用程序。

func GenerateCertificateNumber() string {
    CertificateLength := 7
    t := time.Now().String()
    CertificateHash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(t), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }
    // Make a Regex we only want letters and numbers
    reg, err := regexp.Compile("[^a-zA-Z0-9]+")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    processedString := reg.ReplaceAllString(string(CertificateHash), "")
    fmt.Println(string(processedString))

    CertificateNumber := strings.ToUpper(string(processedString[len(processedString)-CertificateLength:]))
    fmt.Println(CertificateNumber)
    return CertificateNumber
}

这是我的方式)使用数学兰特或加密兰特如你所愿。

func randStr(len int) string {
    buff := make([]byte, len)
    rand.Read(buff)
    str := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buff)
    // Base 64 can be longer than len
    return str[:len]
}

使用包uniuri，它生成加密安全的统一(无偏)字符串。

免责声明:我是该软件包的作者

如果需要选择是否大写，我通常会这样做

func randomString(length int, upperCase bool) string {
    rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

    var alphabet string

    if upperCase {
        alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
    } else {
        alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
    }

    var sb strings.Builder

    l := len(alphabet)

    for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
        c := alphabet[rand.Intn(l)]
        sb.WriteByte(c)
    }

    return sb.String()
}

如果不需要大写字母，就像这样

func randomString(length int) string {
        rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())

        var alphabet string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
        var sb strings.Builder

        l := len(alphabet)

        for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
                c := alphabet[rand.Intn(l)]
                sb.WriteByte(c)
        }

        return sb.String()
}

作为icza的出色解决方案的后续，下面我使用rand。读者

func RandStringBytesMaskImprRandReaderUnsafe(length uint) (string, error) {
    const (
        charset     = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        charIdxBits = 6                  // 6 bits to represent a letter index
        charIdxMask = 1<<charIdxBits - 1 // All 1-bits, as many as charIdxBits
        charIdxMax  = 63 / charIdxBits   // # of letter indices fitting in 63 bits
    )

    buffer := make([]byte, length)
    charsetLength := len(charset)
    max := big.NewInt(int64(1 << uint64(charsetLength)))

    limit, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, max)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }

    for index, cache, remain := int(length-1), limit.Int64(), charIdxMax; index >= 0; {
        if remain == 0 {
            limit, err = rand.Int(rand.Reader, max)
            if err != nil {
                return "", err
            }

            cache, remain = limit.Int64(), charIdxMax
        }

        if idx := int(cache & charIdxMask); idx < charsetLength {
            buffer[index] = charset[idx]
            index--
        }

        cache >>= charIdxBits
        remain--
    }

    return *(*string)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer)), nil
}


func BenchmarkBytesMaskImprRandReaderUnsafe(b *testing.B) {
    b.ReportAllocs()
    b.ResetTimer()

    const length = 16

    b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
        for pb.Next() {
            RandStringBytesMaskImprRandReaderUnsafe(length)
        }
    })
}

另一个版本，灵感来自于生成密码在JavaScript加密:

package main

import (
    "crypto/rand"
    "fmt"
)

var chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890-"

func shortID(length int) string {
    ll := len(chars)
    b := make([]byte, length)
    rand.Read(b) // generates len(b) random bytes
    for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
        b[i] = chars[int(b[i])%ll]
    }
    return string(b)
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(shortID(18))
    fmt.Println(shortID(18))
    fmt.Println(shortID(18))
}