typedef enum{
    first = 2,
    second = 6,
    third = 17
}MyEnum;

static const int enumItems[] = {
    first,
    second,
    third
}

static const int EnumLength = sizeof(enumItems) / sizeof(int);

for(int i = 0; i < EnumLength; i++){
    //Do something with enumItems[i]
}

下面是另一种只适用于连续枚举的解决方案。它给出了期望的迭代，除了增量中的丑陋，这是它的归属，因为这是c++中破坏的地方。

enum Bar {
    One = 1,
    Two,
    Three,
    End_Bar // Marker for end of enum; 
};

for (Bar foo = One; foo < End_Bar; foo = Bar(foo + 1))
{
    // ...
}

在Bjarne Stroustrup的c++编程语言书中，你可以读到他建议为特定的枚举重载操作符++。枚举是用户定义的类型，语言中存在针对这些特定情况的重载运算符。

你将能够编写以下代码:

#include <iostream>
enum class Colors{red, green, blue};
Colors& operator++(Colors &c, int)
{
     switch(c)
     {
           case Colors::red:
               return c=Colors::green;
           case Colors::green:
               return c=Colors::blue;
           case Colors::blue:
               return c=Colors::red; // managing overflow
           default:
               throw std::exception(); // or do anything else to manage the error...
     }
}

int main()
{
    Colors c = Colors::red;
    // casting in int just for convenience of output. 
    std::cout << (int)c++ << std::endl;
    std::cout << (int)c++ << std::endl;
    std::cout << (int)c++ << std::endl;
    std::cout << (int)c++ << std::endl;
    std::cout << (int)c++ << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

测试代码:http://cpp.sh/357gb

注意，我使用的是枚举类。Code也可以很好地使用enum。但我更喜欢枚举类，因为它们是强类型的，可以防止我们在编译时犯错误。

枚举就不行。也许枚举不是最适合您的情况。

一个常见的约定是将最后一个枚举值命名为MAX，并使用它来控制一个int类型的循环。

enum class A {
    a0=0, a3=3, a4=4
};
constexpr std::array<A, 3> ALL_A {A::a0, A::a3, A::a4}; // constexpr is important here

for(A a: ALL_A) {
  if(a==A::a0 || a==A::a4) std::cout << static_cast<int>(a);
}

constexpr std::array甚至可以迭代非顺序的枚举，而无需编译器实例化数组。这取决于编译器的优化启发式以及是否取数组的地址。

In my experiments, I found that g++ 9.1 with -O3 will optimize away the above array if there are 2 non-sequential values or quite a few sequential values (I tested up to 6). But it only does this if you have an if statement. (I tried a statement that compared an integer value greater than all the elements in a sequential array and it inlined the iteration despite none being excluded, but when I left out the if statement, the values were put in memory.) It also inlined 5 values from a non-sequential enum in [one case|https://godbolt.org/z/XuGtoc]. I suspect this odd behavior is due to deep heuristics having to do with caches and branch prediction.

这里有一个godbolt的简单测试迭代的链接，演示了数组并不总是被实例化。

这种技术的代价是写入enum元素两次，并保持两个列表同步。

typedef enum{
    first = 2,
    second = 6,
    third = 17
}MyEnum;

static const int enumItems[] = {
    first,
    second,
    third
}

static const int EnumLength = sizeof(enumItems) / sizeof(int);

for(int i = 0; i < EnumLength; i++){
    //Do something with enumItems[i]
}