my 5c: In integration and networking the idempotency is very important. Several examples from real-life: Imagine, we deliver data to the target system. Data delivered by a sequence of messages. 1. What would happen if the sequence is mixed in channel? (As network packages always do :) ). If the target system is idempotent, the result will not be different. If the target system depends of the right order in the sequence, we have to implement resequencer on the target site, which would restore the right order. 2. What would happen if there are the message duplicates? If the channel of target system does not acknowledge timely, the source system (or channel itself) usually sends another copy of the message. As a result we can have duplicate message on the target system side. If the target system is idempotent, it takes care of it and result will not be different. If the target system is not idempotent, we have to implement deduplicator on the target system side of the channel.

假设客户端向“IstanceA”服务发出请求，该服务处理请求，将其传递给DB，并在发送响应之前关闭。因为客户端没有看到它被处理，它将重试相同的请求。负载均衡器将请求转发到另一个服务实例“InstanceB”，该服务实例将对相同的DB项进行相同的更改。

我们应该使用幂等符号。当客户端向服务发送请求时，它应该有某种类型的请求id，可以保存在DB中，以显示我们已经执行了请求。如果客户端重试请求，“InstanceB”将检查requestId。由于特定的请求已经被执行，因此它不会对DB项进行任何更改。这种请求叫做幂等请求。因此，我们多次发送相同的请求，但不会做任何更改

幂等操作:多次执行没有副作用的操作。 示例:从数据资源检索值并打印值的操作 非幂等操作:多次执行会造成伤害的操作。(当它们改变某些值或状态时) 示例:从银行账户提款的操作

对集合的幂等运算在应用一次或多次时，其成员保持不变。

它可以是像absolute(x)这样的一元运算，其中x属于一组正整数。这里absolute(absolute(x)) = x。

它可以是一个二进制操作，比如集合与自身的并集总是返回相同的集合。

干杯

my 5c: In integration and networking the idempotency is very important. Several examples from real-life: Imagine, we deliver data to the target system. Data delivered by a sequence of messages. 1. What would happen if the sequence is mixed in channel? (As network packages always do :) ). If the target system is idempotent, the result will not be different. If the target system depends of the right order in the sequence, we have to implement resequencer on the target site, which would restore the right order. 2. What would happen if there are the message duplicates? If the channel of target system does not acknowledge timely, the source system (or channel itself) usually sends another copy of the message. As a result we can have duplicate message on the target system side. If the target system is idempotent, it takes care of it and result will not be different. If the target system is not idempotent, we have to implement deduplicator on the target system side of the channel.

无论调用该操作多少次，结果都是相同的。