你不能。Bash只处理整数;您必须委托给bc之类的工具。

There are scenarios in wich you cannot use bc becouse it might simply not be present, like in some cut down versions of busybox or embedded systems. In any case limiting outer dependencies is always a good thing to do so you can always add zeroes to the number being divided by (numerator), that is the same as multiplying by a power of 10 (you should choose a power of 10 according to the precision you need), that will make the division output an integer number. Once you have that integer treat it as a string and position the decimal point (moving it from right to left) a number of times equal to the power of ten you multiplied the numerator by. This is a simple way of obtaining float results by using only integer numbers.

作为bc的替代方案，您可以在脚本中使用awk。

例如:

echo "$IMG_WIDTH $IMG2_WIDTH" | awk '{printf "%.2f \n", $1/$2}'

在上面，“%.”2f”告诉printf函数返回一个小数点后两位的浮点数。我使用echo将变量管道作为字段，因为awk对它们正常操作。“$1”和“$2”表示输入awk的第一个和第二个字段。

你可以将结果存储为其他变量，使用:

RESULT = `echo ...`

如何在bash中进行浮点计算:

不同于在bc命令中使用"here strings"(<<<)，这是我最喜欢的bc浮点示例，来自bc手册页的示例部分(参见man bc手册页)。

在我们开始之前，知道pi的方程是:pi = 4*atan(1)。下面的A()是atan()的BC数学函数。

This is how to store the result of a floating point calculation into a bash variable--in this case into a variable called pi. Note that scale=10 sets the number of decimal digits of precision to 10 in this case. Any decimal digits after this place are truncated. pi=$(echo "scale=10; 4*a(1)" | bc -l) Now, to have a single line of code that also prints out the value of this variable, simply add the echo command to the end as a follow-up command, as follows. Note the truncation at 10 decimal places, as commanded: pi=$(echo "scale=10; 4*a(1)" | bc -l); echo $pi 3.1415926532 Finally, let's throw in some rounding. Here we will use the printf function to round to 4 decimal places. Note that the 3.14159... rounds now to 3.1416. Since we are rounding, we no longer need to use scale=10 to truncate to 10 decimal places, so we'll just remove that part. Here's the end solution: pi=$(printf %.4f $(echo "4*a(1)" | bc -l)); echo $pi 3.1416

下面是上述技术的另一个非常棒的应用程序和演示:测量和打印运行时。

(参见我的另一个答案)。

注意，dt_min从0.01666666666…0.017:

start=$SECONDS; sleep 1; end=$SECONDS; dt_sec=$(( end - start )); dt_min=$(printf %.3f $(echo "$dt_sec/60" | bc -l)); echo "dt_sec = $dt_sec; dt_min = $dt_min"
dt_sec = 1; dt_min = 0.017

相关:

(我的回答)https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/52313/how-to-get-execution-time-of-a-script-effectively/547849#547849 [我的问题]三个左尖括号(' <<< ')在bash中是什么意思? https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/80362/what-does-mean/80368#80368 https://askubuntu.com/questions/179898/how-to-round-decimals-using-bc-in-bash/574474#574474

您需要多精确的输出?如果你的用例已经可以接受通过bin的近似值，你甚至可以更进一步，利用POSIX退出码[0:256)(所有其他整数修改回该范围)。

在gawk/nawk/mawk-1中，它已经给了我epoch秒到整数级别，但我想扩展它以提取近毫秒的精度，但不是过分迂迂的，我在POSIX shell中运行这个命令

exit $(( 10#` gdate +%5N ` * 256 / 100000 ))

直接分配一个表示0的5位整数。将gnu-date的XXXXXX输出到256个bin中的1个，然后在awk获得system()调用的退出码(即所选的bin #)后撤销这256个bin。我发现这种方法比使用完整的getline调用开销更低。

该方法还直接将输出捕获到POSIX退出码中，而不是打印出一个额外的终端。

(如果以这种方式编写，shell算术自动将其转换为整数而不是* 0.0256)。把它们放在awk函数中，就像这样。10#强制以10为基数，以防止posix shell将“01733”解释为八进制数。

function msecs() {     # n x 2**-8 = n divided by 256

    return 2^-8 * \
           system( "exit \44\50\50 "      \
                   " 10\43\140 gdate \53"  \
                   "%5N\140 \52 " \
                   "256 \57 100000 \51\51" )
}

对于我自己的代码，我应用了另外0.6%的理发来考虑shell开销。

虽然在Bash中不能使用浮点除法，但可以使用定点除法。你所要做的就是把整数乘以10的次方，然后把整数部分除掉，用取模运算得到小数部分。根据需要舍入。

#!/bin/bash

n=$1
d=$2

# because of rounding this should be 10^{i+1}
# where i is the number of decimal digits wanted
i=4
P=$((10**(i+1)))
Pn=$(($P / 10))
# here we 'fix' the decimal place, divide and round tward zero
t=$(($n * $P / $d + ($n < 0 ? -5 : 5)))
# then we print the number by dividing off the interger part and
# using the modulo operator (after removing the rounding digit) to get the factional part.
printf "%d.%0${i}d\n" $(($t / $P)) $(((t < 0 ? -t : t) / 10 % $Pn))