从我所看到的ControllerBase类中有helper方法。只需使用StatusCode方法:

[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Post([FromBody] string something)
{    
    //...
    try
    {
        DoSomething();
    }
    catch(Exception e)
    {
         LogException(e);
         return StatusCode(500);
    }
}

你也可以使用StatusCode重载(int StatusCode, object value)来协商内容。

如果你不希望硬编码特定的数字，你可以使用Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ControllerBase.StatusCode和microsoft . aspnetcore . http . statuscode来形成你的响应。

return  StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError);

更新:2019年8月

也许与最初的问题没有直接关系，但当试图用Microsoft Azure函数实现相同的结果时，我发现我必须在Microsoft. aspnetcore . mvc . core程序集中构造一个新的StatusCodeResult对象。我的代码现在是这样的;

return new StatusCodeResult(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError);

return StatusCode((int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, e);

应用于非asp。NET上下文(参见ASP. NET上下文的其他答案)。网络核心)。

HttpStatusCode是System.Net中的一个枚举。

目前(1.1)更好的处理方法是在Startup.cs的Configure()中执行:

app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");

这将执行/Error的路由。这将使您不必为编写的每个操作添加try-catch块。

当然，你需要添加一个类似这样的ErrorController:

[Route("[controller]")]
public class ErrorController : Controller
{
    [Route("")]
    [AllowAnonymous]
    public IActionResult Get()
    {
        return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError);
    }
}

更多信息请点击这里。

如果您想要获得实际的异常数据，可以在return语句之前将其添加到上面的get()中。

// Get the details of the exception that occurred
var exceptionFeature = HttpContext.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerPathFeature>();

if (exceptionFeature != null)
{
    // Get which route the exception occurred at
    string routeWhereExceptionOccurred = exceptionFeature.Path;

    // Get the exception that occurred
    Exception exceptionThatOccurred = exceptionFeature.Error;

    // TODO: Do something with the exception
    // Log it with Serilog?
    // Send an e-mail, text, fax, or carrier pidgeon?  Maybe all of the above?
    // Whatever you do, be careful to catch any exceptions, otherwise you'll end up with a blank page and throwing a 500
}

以上片段摘自Scott Sauber的博客。

如何创建一个自定义ObjectResult类，表示一个内部服务器错误，就像一个OkObjectResult? 您可以在自己的基类中放置一个简单的方法，这样您就可以轻松地生成InternalServerError并返回它，就像您做Ok()或BadRequest()一样。

[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class MyController : MyControllerBase
{
    [HttpGet]
    [Route("{key}")]
    public IActionResult Get(int key)
    {
        try
        {
            //do something that fails
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            LogException(e);
            return InternalServerError();
        }
    }
}

public class MyControllerBase : ControllerBase
{
    public InternalServerErrorObjectResult InternalServerError()
    {
        return new InternalServerErrorObjectResult();
    }

    public InternalServerErrorObjectResult InternalServerError(object value)
    {
        return new InternalServerErrorObjectResult(value);
    }
}

public class InternalServerErrorObjectResult : ObjectResult
{
    public InternalServerErrorObjectResult(object value) : base(value)
    {
        StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
    }

    public InternalServerErrorObjectResult() : this(null)
    {
        StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
    }
}

如果你需要一个人来回应，你可以打电话

return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError, responseObject);

这将返回一个500和响应对象…

当你想在MVC .Net Core中返回JSON响应时，你也可以使用:

Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;//Equals to HTTPResponse 500
return Json(new { responseText = "my error" });

这将返回JSON结果和HTTPStatus。我用它来返回结果到jQuery.ajax()。

对于aspnetcore-3.1，你也可以像下面这样使用Problem();

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/web-api/handle-errors?view=aspnetcore-3.1

 [Route("/error-local-development")]
public IActionResult ErrorLocalDevelopment(
    [FromServices] IWebHostEnvironment webHostEnvironment)
{
    if (webHostEnvironment.EnvironmentName != "Development")
    {
        throw new InvalidOperationException(
            "This shouldn't be invoked in non-development environments.");
    }

    var context = HttpContext.Features.Get<IExceptionHandlerFeature>();

    return Problem(
        detail: context.Error.StackTrace,
        title: context.Error.Message);
}

Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc的内置Problem()方法将返回一个基于RFC 7807的“问题细节”响应。NET Core 3.0及更高版本)。只要没有显式地设置其他状态，它将始终返回状态代码500。

[HttpPost]
public IActionResult Post([FromBody] string value)
{
    try
    {
        // ...
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        return Problem(
            //all parameters are optional:
            //detail: "Error while processing posted data."; //an explanation, ex.Stacktrace, ...
            //instance: "/city/London"  //A reference that identifies the specific occurrence of the problem
            //title: "An error occured." //a short title, maybe ex.Message
            //statusCode: StatusCodes.Status504GatewayTimeout, //will always return code 500 if not explicitly set
            //type: "http://example.com/errors/error-123-details"  //a reference to more information
            );
    }           
}

如果不设置任何参数，它将返回:

{
    "type": "https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-6.6.1",
    "title": "An error occured while processing your request.",
    "status": 500,
    "traceId": "|fadaed95-4d06eb16160e4996."
}

有关“问题详细信息”参数的更多信息: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/microsoft.aspnetcore.mvc.problemdetails?view=aspnetcore-5.0

对于API响应(使用net core)，我已经尝试过了，似乎工作得很好:

var err = Content(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response, SerializerSettings), "application/x-javascript", contentEncoding: System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
err.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status500InternalServerError;
return err;

您只需要首先创建一个响应对象，然后响应这个。这样做，我们可以保留内容类型、编码，并添加状态代码。

只是添加这个供将来参考，谁是卡在以及想要一个快速和简单的方法来做到这一点。