所以我们在项目中有这个巨大的mainmodule.cpp源文件(11000行很大吗?)，每次我不得不触摸它时，我都会畏缩。
由于这个文件是如此的核心和大，它不断积累越来越多的代码，我想不出一个好方法来让它实际上开始缩小。
该文件在我们产品的几个(> 10)维护版本中被使用和积极更改，因此很难重构它。如果我“简单地”将其拆分为3个文件，那么从维护版本合并回更改将成为一场噩梦。而且，如果您拆分具有如此长而丰富历史的文件，跟踪和检查SCC历史中的旧更改突然变得非常困难。
这个文件基本上包含了我们程序的“主类”(主要的内部工作调度和协调)，所以每次添加一个特性，它也会影响这个文件，每次它的增长。：-(
在这种情况下你会怎么做?关于如何在不打乱SCC工作流程的情况下将新特性移动到单独的源文件中，您有什么想法吗?
(注意:我们使用c++和Visual Studio;我们使用AccuRev作为SCC，但我认为SCC的类型在这里并不重要;我们使用Araxis Merge来做实际的文件比较和合并)
当前回答
我认为在拆分文件时跟踪源文件历史的最简单的方法是这样的:
使用SCM系统提供的任何保存历史的拷贝命令来复制原始源代码。此时您可能需要提交，但还不需要告诉构建系统关于新文件的信息，因此这应该是可以的。 从这些副本中删除代码。这应该不会打破你所保持的历史。
其他回答
这是一个困难而有趣的重构。
首先，将实现与接口分离。将这个巨大的文件转换为一个只转发调用和参数的空shell。这样，你可以创建责任有限的组件，而不会影响任何调用者(他们仍然调用巨大的文件/模块/类)。
为了做到这一点，您还需要寻找新的潜在组件的创建时间。根据构造函数的发送方式，在拥有所有参数之前，对参数进行堆叠可能非常棘手。
然后，您可以查找调用者并让他们调用您的组件。这是简单的部分。
Find some code in the file which is relatively stable (not changing fast, and doesn't vary much between branches) and could stand as an independent unit. Move this into its own file, and for that matter into its own class, in all branches. Because it's stable, this won't cause (many) "awkward" merges that have to be applied to a different file from the one they were originally made on, when you merge the change from one branch to another. Repeat. Find some code in the file which basically only applies to a small number of branches, and could stand alone. Doesn't matter whether it's changing fast or not, because of the small number of branches. Move this into its own classes and files. Repeat.
因此，我们去掉了到处都一样的代码，以及特定于某些分支的代码。
This leaves you with a nucleus of badly-managed code - it's needed everywhere, but it's different in every branch (and/or it changes constantly so that some branches are running behind others), and yet it's in a single file that you're unsuccessfully trying to merge between branches. Stop doing that. Branch the file permanently, perhaps by renaming it in each branch. It's not "main" any more, it's "main for configuration X". OK, so you lose the ability to apply the same change to multiple branches by merging, but this is in any case the core of code where merging doesn't work very well. If you're having to manually manage the merges anyway to deal with conflicts, then it's no loss to manually apply them independently on each branch.
我认为你说这种SCC无关紧要是错误的，因为例如git的合并能力可能比你正在使用的合并工具更好。因此，核心问题“合并困难”发生在不同scc的不同时期。但是，您不太可能更改scc，因此这个问题可能无关紧要。
我的同情-在我以前的工作中，我遇到过类似的情况，一个文件比你必须处理的文件大几倍。解决方案是:
编写代码详尽地测试程序中的函数。听起来你还没有掌握这个… 确定一些可以抽象为帮助器/实用程序类的代码。不需要很大，只是一些不是你的“主要”类的真正一部分。 重构2中确定的代码。进入一个单独的班级。 重新运行测试，以确保没有损坏。 当你有时间的时候，去2。并根据需要重复以使代码易于管理。
在第3步中构建的类。迭代可能会增加以吸收更多适合于新清除的函数的代码。
我还可以补充:
0:购买Michael Feathers关于使用遗留代码的书
不幸的是，这种类型的工作太常见了，但我的经验是，在保持工作的同时，能够使工作但可怕的代码逐渐变得不那么可怕是有很大价值的。
你担心文件的大小。
从历史上看，C程序的文件大小是由机器PDP11/40的限制决定的。 我使用的这个可以处理最大4096字节的文件。为了解决这个问题 C编译器使用#include并发明了.h文件来帮助链接器和分段加载器，因为 加载器必须动态交换(因此在Intel架构中使用段寄存器)。
Small files solved the problem but left an historical legacy. Programmers now believe that small files are the only way to program. You have a machine with 4 gigabytes (vs 8 kilobytes on the 11/40). You have a machine with 3 billion instructions per second (vs 500 kilo instructions on the 11/40). You have a compiler that can block optimize code it can see (as opposed to linking .o files which it cannot see). You have a machine that is bandwidth limited by disk I/O but you want to create 500 tiny .c, .h, and .o files, possibly multiple times with the .h includes.
大的C文件绝对没有错。编译器可以大量优化 磁盘I/O最小，链接器时间消失，编辑器可以找到琐碎的东西 一个花哨的IDE，……
11000行对于今天来说是一个微不足道的文件。把自己从历史中解放出来。
我不知道这是否解决了您的问题，但我猜您想要做的是将文件的内容迁移到彼此独立的更小的文件中(合计)。 我还了解到，你有大约10个不同版本的软件，你需要在不搞砸的情况下支持它们。
首先，这是不可能的简单，将解决自己在几分钟的头脑风暴。文件中链接的函数对应用程序都非常重要，简单地将它们删除并迁移到其他文件中并不能解决问题。
我认为你只有这些选择:
Don't migrate and stay with what you have. Possibly quit your job and start working on serious software with good design in addition. Extreme programming is not always the best solution if you are working on a long time project with enough funds to survive a crash or two. Work out a layout of how you would love your file to look once it's split up. Create the necessary files and integrate them in your application. Rename the functions or overload them to take an additional parameter (maybe just a simple boolean?). Once you have to work on your code, migrate the functions you need to work on to the new file and map the function calls of the old functions to the new functions. You should still have your main-file this way, and still be able to see the changes that were made to it, once it comes to a specific function you know exactly when it was outsourced and so on. Try to convince your co-workers with some good cake that workflow is overrated and that you need to rewrite some parts of the application in order to do serious business.
