如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?

以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum =  minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.

当前回答

我发现这个例子生成随机数:


此示例生成特定范围内的随机整数。

import java.util.Random;

/** Generate random integers in a certain range. */
public final class RandomRange {

  public static final void main(String... aArgs){
    log("Generating random integers in the range 1..10.");

    int START = 1;
    int END = 10;
    Random random = new Random();
    for (int idx = 1; idx <= 10; ++idx){
      showRandomInteger(START, END, random);
    }

    log("Done.");
  }

  private static void showRandomInteger(int aStart, int aEnd, Random aRandom){
    if ( aStart > aEnd ) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Start cannot exceed End.");
    }
    //get the range, casting to long to avoid overflow problems
    long range = (long)aEnd - (long)aStart + 1;
    // compute a fraction of the range, 0 <= frac < range
    long fraction = (long)(range * aRandom.nextDouble());
    int randomNumber =  (int)(fraction + aStart);    
    log("Generated : " + randomNumber);
  }

  private static void log(String aMessage){
    System.out.println(aMessage);
  }
} 

此类的示例运行:

Generating random integers in the range 1..10.
Generated : 9
Generated : 3
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 4
Generated : 1
Generated : 3
Generated : 9
Generated : 10
Generated : 10
Done.

其他回答

在java-8中,他们在Random类中引入了方法int(int randomNumberOrigin,int randomNumber Bound)。

例如,如果要生成[0,10]范围内的五个随机整数(或单个整数),只需执行以下操作:

Random r = new Random();
int[] fiveRandomNumbers = r.ints(5, 0, 11).toArray();
int randomNumber = r.ints(1, 0, 11).findFirst().getAsInt();

第一个参数仅指示生成的IntStream的大小(这是生成无限IntStream的重载方法)。

如果需要执行多个单独的调用,可以从流中创建无限基元迭代器:

public final class IntRandomNumberGenerator {

    private PrimitiveIterator.OfInt randomIterator;

    /**
     * Initialize a new random number generator that generates
     * random numbers in the range [min, max]
     * @param min - the min value (inclusive)
     * @param max - the max value (inclusive)
     */
    public IntRandomNumberGenerator(int min, int max) {
        randomIterator = new Random().ints(min, max + 1).iterator();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a random number in the range (min, max)
     * @return a random number in the range (min, max)
     */
    public int nextInt() {
        return randomIterator.nextInt();
    }
}

您也可以对双值和长值执行此操作。

使用nexttint(n)方法为最小值和最大值的差值生成一个随机数,然后将最小值添加到结果中:

Random rn = new Random();
int result = rn.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
System.out.println(result);

只需使用Random类:

Random ran = new Random();
// Assumes max and min are non-negative.
int randomInt = min + ran.nextInt(max - min + 1);

我已经创建了一个方法来获取给定范围内的唯一整数。

/*
      * minNum is the minimum possible random number
      * maxNum is the maximum possible random number
      * numbersNeeded is the quantity of random number required
      * the give method provides you with unique random number between min & max range
*/
public static Set<Integer> getUniqueRandomNumbers( int minNum , int maxNum ,int numbersNeeded ){

    if(minNum >= maxNum)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxNum must be greater than minNum");

    if(! (numbersNeeded > (maxNum - minNum + 1) ))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("numberNeeded must be greater then difference b/w (max- min +1)");

    Random rng = new Random(); // Ideally just create one instance globally

    // Note: use LinkedHashSet to maintain insertion order
    Set<Integer> generated = new LinkedHashSet<Integer>();
    while (generated.size() < numbersNeeded)
    {
        Integer next = rng.nextInt((maxNum - minNum) + 1) + minNum;

        // As we're adding to a set, this will automatically do a containment check
        generated.add(next);
    }
    return generated;
}

要生成“介于两个数字之间”的随机数,请使用以下代码:

Random r = new Random();
int lowerBound = 1;
int upperBound = 11;
int result = r.nextInt(upperBound-lowerBound) + lowerBound;

这将为您提供一个介于1(含)和11(不含)之间的随机数,因此通过添加1来初始化上限值。例如,如果要生成1到10之间的随机数,则使用11而不是10初始化上限数。