如何在特定范围内生成随机int值?

以下方法存在与整数溢出相关的错误:

randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);
// Bug: `randomNum` can be bigger than `maximum`.
Random rn = new Random();
int n = maximum - minimum + 1;
int i = rn.nextInt() % n;
randomNum =  minimum + i;
// Bug: `randomNum` can be smaller than `minimum`.

当前回答

rand.nextInt((max+1) - min) + min;

这很好。

其他回答

如果你不想重新发明轮子,这里有一个简单明了的解决方案:

RandomStringUtils.randomNumeric(count); // Where count is the number of digits you want in the random number.

Apache Commons,例如组件Lang中的RandomUtils,提供了许多选项来生成任意格式的随机数。

有一个图书馆在https://sourceforge.net/projects/stochunit/用于处理范围的选择。

StochIntegerSelector randomIntegerSelector = new StochIntegerSelector();
randomIntegerSelector.setMin(-1);
randomIntegerSelector.setMax(1);
Integer selectInteger = randomIntegerSelector.selectInteger();

它具有边缘包含/排除。

Use:

minValue + rn.nextInt(maxValue - minValue + 1)

在Java 1.7或更高版本中,执行此操作的标准方法如下:

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;

// nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
// so add 1 to make it inclusive
int randomNum = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(min, max + 1);

请参阅相关的JavaDoc。这种方法的优点是不需要显式初始化java.util.Random实例,如果使用不当,可能会导致混淆和错误。

然而,相反,没有办法明确设置种子,因此在测试或保存游戏状态等有用的情况下,很难再现结果。在这些情况下,可以使用下面所示的Java 1.7之前的技术。

在Java 1.7之前,执行此操作的标准方法如下:

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Returns a pseudo-random number between min and max, inclusive.
 * The difference between min and max can be at most
 * <code>Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1</code>.
 *
 * @param min Minimum value
 * @param max Maximum value.  Must be greater than min.
 * @return Integer between min and max, inclusive.
 * @see java.util.Random#nextInt(int)
 */
public static int randInt(int min, int max) {

    // NOTE: This will (intentionally) not run as written so that folks
    // copy-pasting have to think about how to initialize their
    // Random instance.  Initialization of the Random instance is outside
    // the main scope of the question, but some decent options are to have
    // a field that is initialized once and then re-used as needed or to
    // use ThreadLocalRandom (if using at least Java 1.7).
    // 
    // In particular, do NOT do 'Random rand = new Random()' here or you
    // will get not very good / not very random results.
    Random rand;

    // nextInt is normally exclusive of the top value,
    // so add 1 to make it inclusive
    int randomNum = rand.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min;

    return randomNum;
}

请参阅相关的JavaDoc。实际上,java.util.Random类通常比java.lang.Math.Random()更好。

特别是,当标准库中有一个简单的API来完成任务时,无需重新发明随机整数生成轮。

private static Random random = new Random();    

public static int getRandomInt(int min, int max){
  return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
}

OR

public static int getRandomInt(Random random, int min, int max)
{
  return random.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;
}